Evaluation of water glycol hydraulic fluids: a tribological approach

Singh, Tejbal; Jain, M. C.; Ganguli, Debashis; Ravi, K.

doi:10.1002/jsl.20

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Ethylene glycol (EG) holds the distinction of being the most rudimentary alcohol, excluding polyethylene glycol [1]. It is a prominent ingredient in skin care products [2], antifreezes [3,4], and braking [5,6] and heat transfer systems [7][8][9], owing to its environmentally friendly nature, efficient heat transfer capabilities, compatibility with various materials, and economical pricing. Over recent decades, a concerted effort has been made to probe the lubricative properties of alcohol-based aqueous solutions, particularly in investigating the feasibility of attaining exceedingly low friction coefficients of below 0.01 [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Content on the Superlubricity of Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Li,

Gong,

Bai

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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Aqueous solutions of water and ethylene glycol (EG) are prevalently employed in braking, heat transfer, and lubrication systems. However, the precise mechanism through which water content affects the lubricative attributes of EG solutions remains elusive. This research systematically examines the tribological characteristics of EG solutions at varying concentrations using a ceramic–TiAlN friction-pair system. As the concentration of EG increases, the sequential transformation of the associated molecular complex structure in the lubricating medium can be described as follows: [H2O]m·EG → [H2O]m·[EG]n → H2O·[EG]n. Among them, the stoichiometric coefficients “m” and “n” are the simplest mole ratio of H2O and EG in the molecular complex structure, respectively. The most favorable EG concentration was determined to be 50 wt.%. At this concentration, a flexible molecular complex adsorption structure ([H2O]m·[EG]n) with a significant bearing capacity (due to intense hydrogen bonding) forms on the surface of the friction pair, which results in a reduction in the running-in duration and facilitates the achievement of superlubricity, and the coefficient of friction (COF) is about 0.0047. Solutions containing 50 wt.% EG enhance the load-bearing ability and hydrophilicity of the lubricating medium. Moreover, they minimize the roughness of the worn region and curtail the adhesive forces and shear stress at the frictional interface, enabling the realization of superlubricity. Consequently, this research offers valuable insights into the optimal water-to-EG ratio, revealing the mechanism of a superlubricity system that possesses exceptional tribological attributes and holds significant potential for practical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Content on the Superlubricity of Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Li,

Gong,

Bai

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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“…While ester-based oils have been designed to perform in nearly any environment and application, their poor hydrolytic stability does not allow using them in applications where there is a contact with highly aerated seawater environment like offshore vessels [5] [6]. For such applications, water-based lubricants should be selected [7][8] [9]. Indeed water-based lubricants are not only used in offshore drilling conditions but also in other applications where high ignition risk is at stake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of water-based lubricants must be therefore improved by carefully selecting the additive package to best match the operational conditions. So far, a typical choice for reducing friction and wear in water-based lubricated systems has always been an aliphatic acid with a short alkyl chain not exceeding 18 carbon atoms [7] [11]. These carboxylic acid molecules are desirable in the boundary lubricating region due to their ability to adhere to metallic surfaces with their polar carboxyl group, forming a closely packed mono-or multi-layer assembly responsible for friction and wear reduction [12] [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Contamination on the Friction and Wear of Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Lubricants

2018

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The friction and wear mechanisms of water-based fluids consisting of various types of carboxylic acids have been systematically investigated using a ball-on-disc tribometer on a super duplex stainless steel under boundary lubricating conditions. Under water-based lubrication a decrease in friction was found for each of the tested carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain longer than 12 carbon atoms. However, wear reduction was only seen for the carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain longer than 16 carbon atoms and when the concentration of the shorter carboxylic acids increased above a critical value. In addition, it was found that when the lubricant is contaminated with bivalent metal ions like Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ , the frictional performance becomes worse however, wear improved. Indeed, by increasing the concentration of bivalent alkaline metal ions, the adsorption ability of carboxylic acids to the steel surface decreased leading to higher friction and the presence of Na + ions facilitated the wear improvement. This is explained by the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes between the metal ions dissolved in the lubricant and the carboxylic acid molecules. To compensate for the detrimental effects in friction, a chelating strategy has been implemented and explained in detail.

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“…Therefore, multifunctional additives, which can not only reduce the number of additive types in hydraulic fluids but also have better properties due to the synergic effect of the different functional groups, may be the best solution to improve performances of current water-glycol hydraulic fluid. Although various water-soluble additives have been synthesized and reported in many published studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], and some novel compounds or structures, such as nanoparticles [12][13][14] and liquid crystals [15,16] have also been investigated as watersoluble additives, they improved either the lubricating property [17][18][19][20][21][22] or the anticorrosion performance [23,24]; none can be used as multifunctional additives in waterglycol hydraulic fluid. To the our best knowledge, there are very few papers on the synthesis of multifunctional watersoluble additives [25,26], and we believe that more effort should be made to studying this aspect of hydraulic fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Performance Multifunctional Lubricant Additive for Water–Glycol Hydraulic Fluid

Wang

et al. 2011

Tribol Lett

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A water-soluble boron (B)-containing thiophosphite derivative (BTP) was synthesized, and its tribological, anticorrosion, and antirust properties as an additive for the base liquid of water-glycol hydraulic fluid were evaluated in detail. The results of tests demonstrated that BTP is indeed a high-performance and multifunctional water-soluble lubricant additive that was able to remarkably improve the extreme pressure, friction-reducing, antiwear, anticorrosion, and rust-inhibiting properties of the base liquid when added at a low adding concentration (\3 wt%). Based on a performance comparison of BTP and thiophosphite (TP), whose chemical structure is similar to that of BTP but without B, a number of primary conclusions were drawn. The B element existing as alkanolamine borate group could greatly improve the extreme pressure, antiwear, and antirust performance of BTP, especially the antirust performance, but had only a small effect on the frictionreducing and anticorrosion properties. Based on characterizations and analyses of the worn surfaces, we propose that the antiwear mechanism consists of the prepared compound BTP reacting with the steel surface during the friction process to generate a protective film mainly composed of phosphate, sulfide, sulfate, organic amine, and B 2 O 3 .

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Evaluation of water glycol hydraulic fluids: a tribological approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of Water Content on the Superlubricity of Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Impact of Water Content on the Superlubricity of Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Effect of Contamination on the Friction and Wear of Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Lubricants

A High-Performance Multifunctional Lubricant Additive for Water–Glycol Hydraulic Fluid

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