The fracture rate in South Wales children is twice the rate reported in previous studies. Further research is required to elucidate the reasons behind this high rate. Many fractures could be prevented by the use of safer surfaces in school playgrounds, and wrist protection in in-line skaters and possibly in soccer players.

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A new method for the fast and convenient synthesis of pharmaceutical oxidation products is described. Two oxidation products of fesoterodine were electrochemically synthesized, isolated, and characterized. The influence of synthetic operating parameters such as pH, percentage of organic solvent in diluent, initial electrolyte concentration, and substrate concentration on the oxidation product profile was investigated. This synthetic procedure proved to be rapid, clean, and efficient compared to traditional synthetic methods and may be particularly useful for generating milligram quantities of reference samples of degradation products used as markers in chromatographic methods.

Punchsticking is a common tablet compression manufacturing issue experienced duringlate-stage large-scale manufacturing. Prediction of punch sticking propensityand identification of the sticking component is important for early-stageformulation development. Application of novel predictive capabilities offers early-stagesticking propensity assessment. 16 API compounds were utilised to assess punchsticking prediction using removable punch tip tooling. API descriptors weretested for sticking correlation using multivariate analysis. NIR imaging, SEM-EDXand Raman microscopy were used to examine the material adhered to the punch tips.Predictive modelling using linear and non-linear equations proved inaccurate inpunch sticking mass prediction.  PCA analysisidentified sticking correlated physical descriptors and provided a dataset andmethod for further descriptor studies. Raman microscopy was identified as asuitable technique for chemical identification of punch sticking material, whichoffers insight towards a mechanistic understanding.