Background Nut consumption has been related to improvements on cardiometabolic parameters and reduction in the severity of atherosclerosis mainly in primary cardiovascular prevention. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effects of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet (DIetaCArdioprotetoraBrasileira, DICA Br) based on consumption of inexpensive locally accessible foods supplemented or not with mixed nuts on cardiometabolic features in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI). Methods DICA-NUTS study is a national, multicenter, randomized 16-week follow-up clinical trial. Patients over 40 years old with diagnosis of previous MI in the last 2 to 6 months will be recruited (n = 388). A standardized questionnaire will be applied to data collection and blood samples will be obtained. Patients will be allocated in two groups: Group 1: DICA Br supplemented with 30 g/day of mixed nuts (10 g of peanuts, 10 g of cashew, 10 g of Brazil nuts); and Group 2: only DICA Br. The primary outcome will consist of LDL cholesterol means (in mg/dL) after 16 weeks of intervention. Secondary outcomes will consist of other markers of lipid profile, glycemic profile, and anthropometric data. Discussion It is expected that DICA Br supplemented with mixed nuts have superior beneficial effects on cardiometabolic parameters in patients after a MI, when compared to DICA Br. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03728127. First register: November 1, 2018; Last update: June 16, 2021. World Health Organization Universal Trial Number (WHO-UTN): U1111-1259-8105.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global public health problem. Dietary patterns can modulate different aspects of the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular risk factors. The analysis of ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has been an important indicator of diet quality. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate food intake according to levels of processing and investigate the association between UPF consumption and dietary inadequacy in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 276 patients in tertiary prevention of CVDs. Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory evaluations were performed. Food intake was evaluated in relation to macronutrients and micronutrients, and the consumed food items classified according to NOVA. The Kruskal-Wallis tests were used and p<0.05 level of significance adopted. Analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.

The association between diet quality and cardiovascular health has been extensively investigated over the last few years. The Global Burden of Disease Study 1 showed that, in 2017, dietary risk factors such as high intake of sodium, low intake of whole grains, and low intake of fruits were responsible for 11 million deaths across 195 countries.Petersen et al. 2 reviewed different ways to evaluate diet quality, which is a term used to quantify how healthy a particular dietary pattern is. It is clear that assessing and encouraging individual dietary components such as specific foods, nutrients, or bioactive compounds alone is not enough. Therefore, the totality of the diet is being increasingly assessed, since it has a greater impact on health outcomes.Based on the available evidence, the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee 3 concluded that there is strong and consistent evidence that dietary patterns associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are characterized by higher intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and seafood, as well as lower intake of red and processed meat, refined grains, and sugar-sweetened foods and beverages.

BackgroundThe management of patients with dyslipidaemia requires intensive medical follow-up as an essential part of treatment. We investigated the effect of intensive treatment on people with multiple risk factors for dyslipidaemia detected via screening. Here, we report the results of a retrospective 7-year follow-up analysis aimed at establishing whether differences in treatment and cardiovascular risk factors have been maintained and assessing their effects on cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study involving 92 patients treated at the Lipid and Diabetes Service of the National Institute of Cardiology between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: the REG group, composed of 64 patients who had medical appointments from 2012 to 2018 (with the last appointment held between January 1 and December 31, 2018), and the DROP group, composed of 28 patients who had medical appointments in 2012 but did not complete regular appointments until 2018.ResultsIn evaluating the number of cardiovascular events by follow-up time between groups, we observed a total of 32 cases of myocardial infarction [CI 95% 0.08 (0.05-0.11)] in the studied population, with 26.6% in the REG group and 53.6% in the DROP group (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the stroke and hospitalization between the two groups.ConclusionsThe analysis of cardiovascular outcomes in the studied population provides a greater understanding of the importance of intensive medical treatment, and there seems to be a benefit of a reduction in cardiovascular events, especially acute myocardial infarction, in patients who complete a greater number of medical appointments and receive multidisciplinary treatment on a regular basis.Trial registration: 31565920.3.0000.5272

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