Brain injury has the third largest prevalence of other injuries in Indonesia. Most brain injuries occur on highways as a result of motorcycling accidents. The only effective way to reduce the death rate from brain injury that occurs in motorcycle accidents is to wear a helmet. Cases of brain injury due to traffic accidents are often found in adolescents because of the lack of understanding of the importance of helmet use. Therefore, education is needed about the importance of using standard helmets when driving among teenagers. The counseling activity was carried out in one of the senior high schools (SMA) in Mataram with the dominant target of teenagers using motorized vehicles. The selected high school is SMA Negeri 2 Mataram. The method of implementing this counseling is by giving lectures on brain injury, the mechanism of trauma and brain injury and the importance of using standard head protective equipment (SNI helmets), playing videos about head trauma and interactive dialogue. The mandatory output that will be produced is in the form of research articles in the Unram Medical Journal. In addition, research results will be reported back to related fields as input and study material for traffic safety program activities in determining policies in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs as well as coordinating with related programs and sectors. The researcher will also provide a banner stand regarding the importance of using standard helmets for motorcycle riders at the activity location which can then be used as a medium of communication, information and education to the school students.

TBI is mechanically followed by pathomechanisms that cause damage to surrounding neurons, such as cell and tissue necrosis, inflammation, cerebral edema, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and hyperthermia. The more severe the brain injury, the greater the impact on the inflammatory response. Therefore, this study aims to determine the histopathological description of edema in rat brain cells after TBI and to analyze the relationship between differences in trauma burden and histopathological features of brain cell inflammation, hematoma, and edema in mice after traumatic brain injury. This study uses an experimental observational-analytical research design. Sprague-Dawley mice were used as research subjects and divided into four cluster groups (and one control group) with varying trauma-loading interventions. The trauma loads given were 20 grams, 40 grams, 60 grams, and 80 grams. Following the trauma load application, the mice's brains were biopsied one hour after the intervention to observe histopathological features of inflammatory markers (synaptophysin) and brain cell edema. The data were then analyzed using the SPSS program. Twenty mice were included in this study. The results of the study showed that there was a mean load of 50 grams, and there is a mean synaptophysin percentage of 23.5%. There was a significant relationship between differences in trauma load and the percentage of post-TBI rat brain cell edema (p <0.001). There is a perfect and strong correlation between differences in trauma load and the percentage of synaptophysin (p=0.926). It was discovered that as the trauma load increased, there was a growing percentage of edema and inflammation in the histopathological features of the mice’s brains. There was a significant difference between the severity of trauma and the percentage of brain cell inflammation and edema one hour after brain injury in mice. The more severe the level of trauma given, the higher the percentage of inflammation and edema that occurs in rat brain cells. The result is especially notable since the inflammation and edema is found one hour within injury.

Abstrak Latar belakang: Pemeriksaan ENMG (Elektroneuromiografi) adalah pemeriksaan yang sangat berguna untuk menegakkan diagnosis penyakit sistem saraf perifer. Pemeriksaan ini merupakan kombinasi antara pemeriksaan elektroneurografi (ENG) dan elektromiografi (EMG). Elektroneurografi (ENG) disebut juga sebagai pemeriksaan konduksi saraf, yang mencakup pemeriksaan kecepatan hantar saraf (KHS) motoris, sensoris dan respon lambat. Abnormalitas dari KHS dan cetus potensial (evoked potentials) dapat mengungkapkan patofisiologi yang mendasari gangguan saraf tepi. Dengan pemeriksaan klinis yang baik, pemeriksaan ENMG akan membantu mempersempit diagnosis banding yang ada. Pemeriksaan ini membantu menentukan diagnosis topis, patologis dan prognosis kelainan susunan saraf tepi. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah Studi deskriptif observasional dari rekam medik pasien untuk mengetahui profil dan hasil pemeriksaan pasien yang menjalani pemeriksaan elektroneurografi di Poli rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Universitas Mataram. Pengambilan sampel berupa data rekam medis dari 1 Januari 2020 – 31 Desember 2020 dengan jumlah sampel 40 orang. Data hasil penelitian akan dimasukan dan disajikan dalam tabel dan gambar. Kemudian tabel dan gambar tersebut akan dianalisis. Hasil: Pasien sebagai subjek penelitian terbanyak adalah Laki-laki sebanyak 27 orang (67.5%). Pasien yang memiliki berat badan terbanyak dengan rentang berat badan 51-100 kg sebanyak 30 orang (75%). Untuk tinggi badan terbanyak dari sampel adalah di rentang 150-200 cm dengan jumlah 34 orang (85%). Pasien terbanyak adalah dengan keluhan non-trauma sebanyak 34 orang (85%). Jumlah pasien yang terbanyak adalah polineuropati dengan jumlah sebanyak 22 orang (55%). Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini didapatkan pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan elektroneurografi pada Poli Saraf Universitas Mataram memiliki karakteristik dan hasil pemeriksaan yang sangat bervariasi.

Brain injury has the third largest prevalence of other injuries in Indonesia. Most brain injuries occur on highways as a result of motorcycling accidents. The only effective way to reduce the death rate from brain injury that occurs in motorcycle accidents is to wear a helmet. Cases of brain injury due to traffic accidents are often found in adolescents because of the lack of understanding of the importance of helmet use. Therefore, education is needed about the importance of using standard helmets when driving among teenagers. The counseling activity was carried out in one of the senior high schools (SMA) in Mataram with the dominant target of teenagers using motorized vehicles. The selected high school is SMA Negeri 2 Mataram. The method of implementing this counseling is by giving lectures on brain injury, the mechanism of trauma and brain injury and the importance of using standard head protective equipment (SNI helmets), playing videos about head trauma and interactive dialogue. The mandatory output that will be produced is in the form of research articles in the Unram Medical Journal. In addition, research results will be reported back to related fields as input and study material for traffic safety program activities in determining policies in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs as well as coordinating with related programs and sectors. The researcher will also provide a banner stand regarding the importance of using standard helmets for motorcycle riders at the activity location which can then be used as a medium of communication, information and education to the school students.

Introduction: Infectious keratitis is one of the main causes of visual impairment. The incidence of acanthamoeba keratitis is relatively rare, while the prevalence is around 1 to 9 cases per 100.000. One of the factors supporting the occurrence of acanthamoeba keratitis is the increasing use of contact lenses around the world. Content: When there is microtrauma to the cornea, it can cause the expression of the mannose on the surface. With the emergence of mannose in the form of glycoproteins, it will be a requirement for the attachment of Acanthamoeba spp. Conclusion: Keratitis Acanthamoeba is an infectious disease of the cornea due to the use of contact lenses that are too long exposed to water which causes the entry of Acanthamoeba. This disease has a good prognosis with immediate drug administration within the first 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms.