<p><br />Diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko independen untuk terjadinya gangguan kognisi. Upaya pengembangan hewan coba untuk penelitian pengaruh diabetes terhadap kognisi terus dilakukan. Rattus novergicus merupakan salah satu spesies tikus yang sering digunakan sebagai hewan model diabetik melalui injeksi streptozotocin. Protein GLUT4 neuron hipokampus diduga berperan penting dalam mempertahankan fungsi kognitif yang pada kondisi hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi ekspresi GLUT4 pada neuron hipokampus Rattus novergicus diabetik yang diinjeksi streptozotocin dan nicotinamide. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 20 ekor Rattus novergicus yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol (K1 dan K2) dan 2 kelompok diabetik (D1 dan D2). Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Rattus norvegicus pada kelompok D1 dan D2 diinduksi diabetes dengan injeksi streptozotocin 70mg/kgBB dan nicotinamide 110mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal dosis tunggal. Kadar glukosa darah puasa diperiksa pada hari ke-4 untuk memastikan tikus model diabetik mengalami hiperglikemia. Tikus kelompok K1 dan D1 diterminasi pada hari ke-7, sedangkan tikus kelompok K2 dan D2 diterminasi pada hari ke-14. Dilakukan pengambilan jaringan otak dan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia untuk melihat ekspresi GLUT4 pada neuron hipokampus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata ekpresi GLUT4 pada tikus kelompok diabetik secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tikus kelompok kontrol pada pengamatan hari ke-14 (p<0,05), namun tidak pada pengamatan hari ke-7 (p>0,05). Rerata ekspresi GLUT4 tikus kelompok diabetik secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pengamatan hari ke-14 dibandingkan dengan pengamatan hari ke-7 (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan, terjadi peningkatan ekspresi GLUT4 pada neuron hipokampus Rattus novergicus diabetik yang diinjeksi streptozotocin dan nicotinamide.</p>
Background: Epilepsy is one of the causing factors of cognitive impairment which affects the patient's quality of life. The most critical risk factor for cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients is the onset of seizure. Performing detection of cognitive impairment in those patients is crucial. Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a validated instrument for the detection of cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the onset of seizure on CDT score in epilepsy patients. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 64 epilepsy patients of Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara, who met the inclusion but not exclusion criteria. The clinical and demographic characteristics data collected in this study were age, gender, type of seizure, etiology, length of education, duration of treatment, and antiepileptic drugs (AED). Cognitive function evaluation has been done by using the CDT instrument. Analysis of the effect of the beginning of seizure on CDT score was carried out by observing the influence of the clinical and demographic characteristics data. Results: There was a significant difference between the onset of seizure on CDT score (p<0.05). There were significant differences in aetiology and age in both groups of onsets of the seizure (p <0.05), but not in the characteristics of gender, type of seizure, level of education, duration of treatment and AED in both groups of onsets of the seizure (p>0.05). Conclusion:The onset of the seizure in epilepsy patients affect CDT score. This effect might be attributed to etiology and age of epilepsy patients.Latar Belakang: Epilepsi merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya gangguan fungsi kognitif yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup pasien. Salah satu faktor risiko utama penyebab gangguan fungsi kognitif tersebut adalah onset bangkitan pertama kali. Oleh karena itu, deteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien epilepsi penting untuk dilakukan. Clock Drawing test (CDT) merupakan instrumen tervalidasi untuk deteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh onset bangkitan pertama kali terhadap skor CDT pada pasien epilepsi. Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 64 subjek penelitian pasien epilepsi di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Mutiara Sukma Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi, dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Data karakteristik klinik dan demografi yang
Cognitive decline is a significant complication that affects most stroke survivors. Early detection of cognitive decline in ischemic stroke patients and identification of risk factors improves their clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cognitive status in the sub-acute phase of ischemic stroke. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 sub-acute ischemic stroke patients in three hospitals in West Nusa Tenggara recruited consecutively from August 2019 to April 2020. The data collected were demographic and clinical characteristics, cognitive status, and functional outcome. The association between clinical and demographic characteristics and cognitive decline was analyzed using logistic regression. In addition, the relationship between cognitive status and functional outcomes of these patients was examined using the chi-square test. This study revealed that the prevalence of cognitive decline in these subjects was 71.9%. Multiple logistic regression showed that age was the only characteristic associated with cognitive decline in the subjects (OR = 5.12,95% CI = 1.08-24.28). Furthermore, the frequency of cognitive decline in these subjects was significantly associated with functional outcomes (p-value =0.014). Thus, there was a high prevalence of cognitive decline in sub-acute ischemic stroke patients associated with increasing age and poor functional outcomes.
ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga di dunia. Stroke iskemik merupakan jenis stroke dengan prevalensi tertinggi. Obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko stroke iskemik, namun korelasinya dengan peningkatan risiko stroke iskemik masih belum jelas. Penelitian mengenai korelasi rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul (RLPP) dengan risiko stroke iskemik masih kontradiktif. Tujuan. Mengetahui korelasi RLPP dengan probabilitas stroke iskemik. Metode. Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penduduk di Kecamatan Sekarbela Mataram berusia 55-84 tahun. Penduduk yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dimasukkan sebagai subyek penelitian dan didapatkan 63 subyek penelitian, kemudian dilakukan wawancara untuk pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran RLPP, dan penilaian probabilitas stroke iskemik menurut Framingham Study. Analisis data digunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil. Dari 63 subyek penelitian, terdapat 51 orang (81%) yang tergolong obesitas abdominal dan 12 orang (19%) yang tergolong normal berdasarkan RLPP. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson diperoleh hasil bahwa RLPP tidak berkorelasi dengan probabilitas terjadinya stroke iskemik (p = 0,11). Simpulan. Tidak terdapat korelasi RLPP terhadap probabilitas terjadinya stroke iskemik pada penduduk di Kecamatan Sekarbela Mataram. Kata kunci:Obesitas abdominal, RLPP, stroke iskemik ABSTRACT Background. Stroke is the third cause of death worldwide. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke with high prevalence. Obesity is one of ischemic stroke risk factor, but its correlation with higher ischemic stroke risk remains unclear. Studies about correlation of waist hip ratio (WHR) and ischemic stroke risk is still contradictive. Objective. This study was aimed to explore the correlation between WHR and ischemic stroke probability. Methods. This was a descriptive analytic study using cross sectional design. The population of this study was resident in Sekarbela Mataram aged 55-84 years old. This study was conducted 63 participants. They were interviewed and received a measurement of WHR and ischemic stroke probability. The ischemic stroke probability was assessed by using assessment of Framingham stroke risk score. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation. Results. Among 63 participants, 51 (81%) were abdominal obesity and 12 (19%) were normal based on WHR measurement. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between WHR and ischemic stroke probability (p = 0,11). Conclusion. There was no correlation between WHR and ischemic stroke probability of population in Sekarbela Mataram.
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