Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is one of serious health problems considering that it has great impact to survival and quality of human resources. The core problem of IDD is initially caused by lack of iodine in water and soil, then heightened by goitrogenic substances in the food consumed, more pollutants as side effects of industrial waste, the blocking agent which naturally exists in water and soil in the surrounding dwelling places.Objective: The study aimed to identify factors affecting the prevalence of IDD among elementary school children at coastal region.Method: The study was analytic observational with cross sectional design. Population and samples of the study were elementary school children of grade 4-6 proportionally chosen that fulfiled inclusion criteria. Variables observed were consumption pattern, environment (drinking water plumbum), and children’s hemoglobin. Data analysis used computer software at signifiance level p<0.05 and confience interval 95% and estimation of risk level (Odds Ratio) with chi square. The result of analysis was presented in frequency distribution table and percentage. Analysis of food nutrient was done with recall 24 hours, dietary history. Examination was made to thyroid gland palpation and hemoglobin using cyanomethemoglobin and drinking water plumbum using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.Result: The result of independent and dependent statistical test showed that there was signifiant effect of consumption pattern of protein source to the prevalence of IDD (p<0.05), iron source to the prevalence of IDD (p<0.05), zinc source to the prevalence of IDD (p<0.05), iodine source to the prevalence of IDD (p<0.05) and hemoglobin source to the prevalence of IDD (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no effect of source goitrogenic (thiocyanate) to the prevalence of IDD (p>0.05), drinking water plumbum level to the prevalence of IDD (p>0.05).Conclusion: There was signifiant effect of consumption pattern of protein, iodine and hemoglobin level to the prevalence of IDD among elementary school children at coastal region of Palu Municipality. There was no effect of drinking water plumbum level to the prevalence of IDD among elementary school children at coastal region of Palu Municipality.

Background: Oral health status and dietary intake contribute to nutritional status in elderly. Missing teeth cause chewing disorder that reduces quality and quantity of food intake, which finally makes the elderly have underweight nutritional status.Objective: To determine the risk factors for underweight in the elderly at Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: The study was observational with case control design on elderly at Yogyakarta Municipality. Subjects consisted of 210 elderly matched in age and gender. Sampling was done by multistage random sampling. Oral health status was assessed through dental health status (index of missing teeth) and periodontal status (gingival index, periodontal index and oral hygiene index), dietary intake was collected by using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and underweight nutritional status was based on body mass armspan (BMA). Data were analyzed by using tests of X2 Mc.Nemar, X2 Stuart Maxwell, and conditional logistic regression.Results: Bivariate analysis showed the number of missing teeth ≥ 21 (OR=3.67, p<0.05) and 16-20 (OR=3.53, p<0.05) as risk factors of underweight, whereas the gingival index, periodontal index and oral hygiene index were not. Less intake of energy (OR=6.3), protein (OR=7.83), fat (OR=5.67) and carbohydrates (OR=7.5) were risk factors of underweight (p<0.01). Income less than Rp 808.000,00 was also risk factor for underweight (OR=4.5; p<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed the significant risk factors for underweight were the missing teeth ≥ 21 (OR=8.76) and 16-20 (OR=6.04) which increased by income less than Rp 808.000,00 (OR=5.94), less fat intake (OR=4.88), and less carbohydrate intake (OR=5.48). Income was confounding factor in the risk of missing teeth and protein intake for becoming underweight.Conclusion: Significant risk factors of underweight in elderly were missing teeth ≥ 16, less intake of fat and carbohydrate, and income less than Rp 808.000,00.