Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the commonest presenting symptom in gynaecology outpatient department. Endometrial sampling could be effectively used as a first diagnostic step in AUB, although at times, its interpretation could be quite challenging to the practicing obstetrician. This study was done to evaluate histopathology of endometrium for identifying endometrial causes of AUB. We observed the incidence of various pathology in different age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding & with respect to it were offered pharmacological management. Methods: This was a study done at S B K S Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, India on 155 patients who presented with AUB from February 2010-2012, these were the cases of isolated endometrial pathology diagnosed on histopathology were selected for analyses. A statistical analysis between age of presentation and specific endometrial causes was done using chi - square test. Results: The most common age group presenting with AUB was 30- 40 yrs. The commonest pattern in these patients was normal cycling endometrium (32.65%).The commonest pathology irrespective of the age group was disordered proliferative endometrium (33.33%). Other causes identified were pregnancy associated conditions (0.08%), benign endometrial polyp (10.78%), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (0.05%), chronic endometritis (0.03%), endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (0.04%). Endometrial causes of AUB and age pattern was statistically significant with p value < 0.05. Conclusions: There is an age specific association of endometrial lesions. In perimenopausal women AUB is most commonly dysfunctional in origin and in reproductive age group, one should rule out pregnancy associated conditions. The incidence of disordered proliferative pattern was significantly high in this study, suggesting an early presentation of these patients & procuring success with pharmacological management. [Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2(2.000): 182-185

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Background: 60% of term new-born have clinical jaundice, in the first week of life. ABO incompatibility is the most common cause of haemolytic disease of the new-born. So early intervention, at proper time, is mandatory to prevent these sequelae.Methods: This study was done at Dhiraj Hospital in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. It was prospective observational study. 200 new-born with ABO incompatibility and 20 new-born with Rh incompatibility, causing clinically significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, were recruited for the clinical study noted.Results: The incidence of ABO incompatibility in our study was 13.79% and of Rh incompatibility was 1.37%. In ABO incompatibility group, 90% new born developed clinical jaundice. In treated group, out of 88 new born, 82 were from O-A and O-B incompatibility group. In ABO incompatibility DCT was positive in only 9%, whereas in Rh incompatibility it was 25%. In ABO incompatibility group, majority, 56% did not require treatment, whereas in Rh incompatibility group 65% required treatment. In ABO incompatibility group only 1% required exchange transfusion whereas in Rh incompatibility, it was required in 10%. In ABO incompatibility, all new-born treated well except, 0.5% developed kernicterus. In Rh incompatibility group, 10% new-born developed kernicterusConclusions: In ABO incompatibility, if jaundice develops, it remains in physiological limits. In presence of some aggravating conditions may present as pathological jaundice. It results in significant morbidity but no mortality. So prevention of aggravating factors is very important, in case of ABO incompatibility.

INTRODUCTIONWe have it ingrained in our heads throughout our entire adult lives-pregnancy is 40 weeks. The "due date" we are given at that first prenatal visit is based upon that 40 weeks, and we look forward to it with great anticipation.When we are still pregnant after that magical date, we call ourselves "overdue" and the days seem to drag on like years. The problem with this belief about the 40 week EDD is that it is not based in fact. It is one of many pregnancy and childbirth myths which has wormed its way into the standard of practice over the yearssomething that is still believed because "that"s the way it's always been done".Average duration of pregnancy, is ordinarily the period that elapses between the conception and delivery. Commonly, the date of last menstrual period is considered, to estimate the average duration of pregnancy, and to calculate the approximate time for expected date of delivery. As per Naegele"s formula, nine calendar months and seven days are added to the last menstrual period date. Alternatively, 10 lunar months or 280 days or 40 weeks can be used to calculate the approximate expected date. ABSTRACTBackground: Most methods of calculating gestational length are based upon 28 day cycle. If a woman has a cycle which is significantly shorter than 28 days and she delivers before her due date calculated by her LMP, this arises an anticipation of a premature baby, but the fetus is mature by all criteria of maturity assessment. Dr. Modi (Text Book of Medical Jurisprudence) stated, "duration of pregnancy in homo homosapiens is 10 times the inter-menstrual interval". Keeping this in mind we undertook this study. Methods: The study was done for a duration of 1 year. The gestational age of patients was calculated from the routine Naegele"s formula and inter-menstrual interval. The maturity of neonate was assessed by using Ballard"s score. This data was co-related for further evaluation. Results: Although 39 (19.5%) neonates were expected to be preterm, 24 (12%) actually turned out to be preterm according to Ballard"s score. Rest 15 neonates, premature by Naegele"s formula, should be in "premature" group, turned out to be well developed, by Ballard"s score, almost 37.5% of early delivery group, (significant at P<0.05) Conclusions: This showed that the baby attained maturity at a lesser gestational age which corresponded to 10 times the inter-menstrual interval.

The onset of labor prior to the completion of 37 wks of gestation, in pregnancy beyond 20 wks of gestation." 2 Preterm birth remains a leading direct cause of mortality in both developed and developing country settings. The burden of child mortality attributable to preterm birth is reflected by pregnancy outcome. Preterm births are responsible for 75% of neonatal mortality. Preterm birth is responsible for 50% of the long term neurologic impairment in children. The incidence of preterm birth has changed little in recent years. Several factors have contributed to the incidence of preterm birth .These factors includes 3 :