Ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia is becoming increasingly popular. The supraclavicular block has been transformed by ultrasound guidance into a potentially safe superficial block. We reviewed the techniques of performing supraclavicular block with special focus on ultrasound guidance.

IntroductionThe incidence of damage to the individual cranial nerves and their branches associated with laryngeal mask airway use is low; there have been case reports of damage to the lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve. To the best of our knowledge we present the first reported case of inferior alveolar nerve injury associated with laryngeal mask airway use.Case presentationA 35-year-old Caucasian man presented to our facility for elective anterior cruciate ligament repair. He had no background history of any significant medical problems. He opted for general anesthesia over a regional technique. He was induced with fentanyl and propofol and a size 4 laryngeal mask airway was inserted without any problems. His head was in a neutral position during the surgery. After surgery in the recovery room, he complained of numbness in his lower lip. He also developed extensive scabbing of the lower lip on the second day after surgery. The numbness and scabbing started improving after a week, with complete recovery after two weeks.ConclusionWe report the first case of vascular occlusion and injury to the inferior alveolar nerve, causing scabbing and numbness of the lower lip, resulting from laryngeal mask airway use. This is an original case report mostly of interest for anesthetists who use the laryngeal mask airway in day-to-day practice. Excessive inflation of the laryngeal mask airway cuff could have led to this complication. Despite the low incidence of cranial nerve injury associated with the use of the laryngeal mask airway, vigilant adherence to evidence-based medicine techniques and recommendations from the manufacturer's instructions can prevent such complications.

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Cannulation of a peripheral artery in a patient allows for continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring and facilitates frequent arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Complications include thrombosis, embolism risk, haemorrhage, sepsis, and formation of pseudo aneurysms. A 75-year-old male admitted via casualty with a collapse secondary to seizures. Patient was intubated and mechanically ventilated for 7 days. A right radial artery catheter was inserted on admission to casualty. The arterial catheter remained in situ for 7 days. Five days following its removal, the skin site appeared inflamed and a wound swab grew methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eight days later a distinct bulging of the radial artery was noticed. An ultrasound was done and it showed radial artery pseudoaneurysm, the diagnosis was confirmed by angiogram. Delayed radial artery pseudoaneurysm formation has only been reported in association with infection, and less than twenty of these cases have been reported in the literature.