Conducting metal oxide (CMO) supports lossy mode resonance (LMR) at the CMO-dielectric interface, whereas surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurs at the typical plasmonic metal-dielectric interface. The present study investigates these resonances in the bi-layer (ITO + Ag) and tri-layer (ITO + Ag + ITO) geometries in the Kretschmann configuration of excitation. It has been found that depending upon the layer thicknesses one resonance dominates the other. In particular, in the tri-layer configuration of ITO + Ag + ITO, the effect of the thickness variation of the sandwiched Ag layer is explored and a resonance, insensitive to the change in the sensing medium refractive index (RI), has been reported. Further, the two kinds of RI sensing probes and the supported resonances have been characterized and compared in terms of sensitivity, detection accuracy and figure of merit. These studies will not only be helpful in gaining a better understanding of underlying physics but may also lead to the realization of biochemical sensing devices with a wider spectral range.

We present a numerical investigation of the propagation dynamics of a truncated Airy pulse in a highly dispersive and nonlinear medium by employing the split-step Fourier transform method and look, in particular, into the effects of fourth-order dispersion (FOD) and cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearity on pulse evolution. Presence of FOD cancels the Airy pulse’s self-acceleration along with eclipsing the oscillatory tail during propagation in the linear regime. Further, we observe soliton shedding at low input pulse power in the presence of cubic and quintic nonlinearity and negative FOD. The emergent soliton exhibits temporal shift, and the direction and the extent of the shift depend upon the strengths of cubic and quintic nonlinearities. In the presence of anomalous group-velocity dispersion (GVD) with negative FOD, soliton shedding is observed at relatively high input pulse power. The strengths of GVD and nonlinearity play a vital role in the temporal shifting of the emergent soliton. Furthermore, we have explored the effects of septic nonlinearity on soliton shedding in different scenarios of nonlinearity and dispersion.

Chirp can control the dynamics of the Airy pulse, making it an essential factor in pulse manipulation. Finite energy chirped Airy pulses (FECAPs) have potential applications in underwater optical communication and imaging. Hence, it is critical to study the propagation of FECAPs. We present a numerical investigation of the propagation dynamics of a FECAP in a dispersive and highly nonlinear medium. The nonlinearity under study includes self-phase modulation (SPM), self-steepening (SS), as well as intra-pulse Raman scattering (IRS) terms. We have observed soliton shedding, and the chirp parameter is demonstrated to have a considerable impact on the pulse dynamics. In particular, the emergent soliton does not propagate in a straight path; instead, depending on the sign of the chirp parameter, it delays or advances in time. Furthermore, it has been established that the chirp can be employed as an alternate control parameter for spectral manipulation. The results of our study may have implications in supercontinuum generation and for producing tunable sources.

We numerically investigate the propagation dynamics of truncated Airy pulse in the presence of external harmonic potential. These optical potentials are generated by co-propagating time-dependent strong pump wave that interacts with the weak signal pulse through cross-phase modulation (XPM). We demonstrate that Airy pulse trajectory can be manipulated by utilizing a sinusoidal optical potential and soliton shedding is observed in both normal and anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD). The intensity of the emergent soliton depends upon the strength of the potential. Additionally, the potential strength significantly affects the oscillations and temporal position of the peak intensity of the soliton. Further, the impact of the truncation parameter on the Airy pulse accelerating tail and spectrum is explored. Importantly, we have numerically explored the evolution of the temporal chirp of the pulse in various conditions. The temporal chirp is almost zero at the position where the intensity peaks. Also, we show that relative phase of the optical harmonic potential play a vital role in the soliton formation.

We numerically investigate Airy pulse propagation in a medium comprising only fourth-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. For low power input pulse quartic soli- ton shedding is observed.