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Pulses are a rich source of protein and minerals particularly for the vegetarian and vegan population. However, several anti-nutritional compounds, such as trypsin inhibitor, phenolic compounds, phytates, cyanogenic compounds, lectins and saponins are also found in the legumes. Most of the anti-nutritional compounds of the pulses are present in the seed coat. Most of these compounds are sensitive to heat and can be substantially reduced by milling, cooking, germination, fermentation and heat processing. This review paper summarizes anti-nutritional compounds present in different pulses including their fractions, significance and beneficial and adverse effect on human health. The aim of this paper is to enlighten the readers about the anti-nutritional compounds present in the pulses and possible processing methods to enhance utilization of pulses.

Cytogenetic studies involving eighteen species of Potentilla of the section Gymnocarpae were made to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and to see whether any correlation exists between morphology and crossing relationships.The chromosome numbers of Potentilla ambigens Greene {zn = 82) and P. montenegrina Pant, {zn = 28) were determined for the first time. New intraspecific chromosome races were observed in three species: P. pennsylvanica L. (2« = 42), P. astrisanguinea Lodd. {zn = 84) and P. grandiflora L. (2« = 42).Hybrids were obtained from only four of 628 crosses in iii different combinations (P. nepalensis Hook, x P. montenegrina Pant., P. astrisanguinea Lodd. x P. ambigens Greene, P recta L. x P. cf. hirta L. and P. grandiflora L. x P. crantzii (Crantz) Beck.). The position of the crossing barrier in the unsuccessful crosses varied. Sometimes the pollen failed to germinate but in other cases well-developed pollen tubes were observed. No definite correlation was found between the morphological similarity of species and their crossing ability.Meiotic studies on the hybrids indicated some chromosomal homologies between the genomes of P. recta and P. cf. hirta and between P. grandiflora and P. crantzii, but not between P. nepalensis and P. montenegrina.

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