Giant cell granulomas (GCGs) of the jaws are non-neoplastic lesions that arise either peripherally in periodontal ligament, mucoperiosteum, or centrally in the bone. Histologically, both peripheral and central giant cell granuloma are characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells in a prominent fibrous stroma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma is an infrequent reactive, exophytic lesion of the oral cavity, also known as giant-cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative granuloma, or giant cell hyperplasia. It is the most common giant cell lesion of the jaws and originates from the connective tissue of the periosteum or from the periodontal membrane, in response to local irritation or chronic trauma. The lesion develops mostly in adults, commonly in the lower jaw, with slight female predilection although is uncommon in children. Clinically, it shows resemblance to pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and many other peripheral lesions seen in the oral cavity, but in our case it resembled a squamous cell carcinoma, thereby histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. The lesion although being relatively common, still has a lot of ambiguity. The ambiguity is in terms of its etiology, growth potential, biological behavior (recurrence), histogenesis of its cells, and its treatment. The entity further holds significance because of its notorious behavior and high tendency to recur. This is a case report of a 30-year-old female patient with history of swelling in the lower anterior region of jaw since 1 year. After complete excision of lesion, lesion reoccurred after few months.

Objective: The current research was conducted with an aim to assess the association of oral microbiome with Potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) because usage of tobacco in any form alters the normal microbiome and shifts it towards dysbiosis. Thus, our definitive knowledge of the oral commensal bacteria and oral cancer link can definitely be used as a potential adjunct to early diagnosis and management of PMDs and prevent it's malignant transformation. Study Design: A total of 100 individuals of minimum 18 years of age were included in the study which, were classified into 2 groups of tobacco users (50) and non-tobacco users (50). The tobacco users had a history of tobacco consumption for at least 5 years. Results: The present study, showed highest percentage (72%) of anaerobic bacteria, followed by aerobic (22%) and lowest count of yeast (4%). Conclusion: The ecological shift to dysbiosis is a significant finding in oral carcinogenesis. Further investigation on a larger group of altered microbiomes will definitely help in establishing relationship of altered microbiome and PMDs, which can help in appropriate treatment and better prognosis.

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In general, the conviction is that psychological factors are important in the development of all disease. Epidemiological surveys have revealed that there are different ways in which emotional stressful stimuli can act on oral mucosal target sites. Whether their role is in initiation, progression, aggravation or exacerbation of disease or in predisposition or reaction to a disease is still not clear. Based on available evidences, a need for the understanding of oral psychosomatic disturbances is felt. This review summarizes the underlying pathophysiology of bodily changes brought about by stress related psychosomatic mechanism and their role in further development of structural changes seen in association with oral cavity. An effort has also been made to realize the significant Review Article role of reassurance and counselling procedures in overall management of patients with oral psychosomatic disorders.

Oral diseases are among the most common diseases of human kind, yet they receive little attention in many countries with weak health care systems. Despite a high social and economic burden from oral diseases they are considered a neglected area of international health. The purpose of this mini review is to highlight the effects of oral health on general body and vice versa as well as strategies for improving oral health.