Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of senile dementia. It impairs the quality of life of a person and their family, posing a serious economic and social threat in developed countries. The fact that the diagnosis can only be definitively made post‐mortem, or when the disease is fairly advanced, presents a serious problem if novel therapeutic interventions are to be devised and used early in the course of the disease. There is therefore a pressing need for more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests with which we can detect AD in the preclinical stage. The tau proteins and beta‐amyloid proteins start to accumulate 20 years before the symptoms begin to manifest. Detecting them in the preclinical stage would be a potential breakthrough in the management of AD. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to correlate problems in cognition with the changes in the eye, particularly the retina, pupil and ocular movements, so that the disease can be detected early and managed in the prodromal phase. In this systematic review, we ask the question whether the retina can be used to make a specific and early diagnosis of AD.

A kissing nevus is a type of congenital compound nevus that affects equal portions of the upper and lower eyelid, and it extends to the lid margins. Congenital divided nevi of the eyelids are a rare melanocytic lesion. Only 30 patients are reported in the literature. We report a 40-year-old female of rural background who presented with a large painless enlarging pigmented mass, involving both upper and lower left eyelid since the past 20 years. Complete excision of the lesion was done, and the mass sent for histopathology, which revealed a compound nevus involving both lids. Surgery removed the obstruction, which had caused decreased visual acuity and had altered the cosmetic appearance of the patient. Lesions on the upper lid cause a mechanical ptosis, covers the visual axis, which causes obstruction in vision and is cosmetically unacceptable. There is a definite risk of malignant change in the nevus giving rise to malignant melanoma, and hence they should be removed as early as possible to give better functional and cosmetic results.

ABSTRACT:The lungs are involved in various kinds of inflammatory, neoplastic and other lesions, but they are secondarily involved in almost all form of terminal diseases. Autopsy has a role in the development of new understanding of old diseases and provision of opportunity to discover new diseases. AIM: To present the pulmonary histopathological pattern identified in autopsy. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective study done in the Department of Pathology, GMC Jammu over a period of 1 years from 2013 to 2014. Materials for study consisted of lungs from 150 cases from medico-legal autopsies received during this period. Gross features were recorded and microscopic diagnosis were made. Results: Among the 150 lung specimens from medicolegal autopsies, 132 were males and 18 were females Findings of lung disease were seen in 138 cases, of which pulmonary edema in 39 cases, DAD in 32 cases Acute Pulmonary congestion in 26 cases, chronic ILD in 12 cases, acute pneumonia in 8 cases, Tuberculosis in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: Histomorphological study of lung in medicolegal autopsies may quite often reveal some natural disease and its relative contribution towards death.

Manual small incision cataract surgery SICS is very versatile surgery as it is easily modifiable, needs minimal instruments, no equipment dependence, can be performed quickly and at very low cost. The technique can be further simplified by constructing a limbo-corneal tunnel with controlled stab incision obliquely at the posterior limbus without superior rectus stitch, conjunctival flap or cautery. It reduces the overall surgical time to 9-12 minutes by eliminating many avoidable surgical steps and related complications. The technique has the advantages of both the approaches (scleral tunnel for SICS and corneal pocket for phaco) with comparable induced astigmatism than superior incision and better AC manipulations. Limbal incisions heal faster and resist more deformation pressure than cornea. The technique is comfortable to perform and visual outcome is equally good.

No abstract