Cities are spatial plans on the surface (land) with administrative boundaries that have been determined where there is concentration of the population in it along with various economic, social and political activities. The city is a residential spatial structure with a large number of people on limited urban land, which is generally non-agrarian. The development of the city does not always have a positive impact, but it has a negative impact including the emergence of slum areas around the city center. Around the city center there are various centers of activity including tourism, health, education and trade as well as services in the city, provincial and national levels. The five activities are developing quite rapidly which has resulted in the development of residential areas around the city center and the poor development of slums in these locationsThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the development of slums. The research location is in the city of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra Province. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to households throughout the City of Bukittinggi. The analysis used is logistic regression analysis. The results showed the factors that influence the development of slums including the Quality of Dwelling, Building Density, Education and Road Accessibility. These influencing factors can be used as a reference for alleviating slums in Bukittinggi City.Keywords: cities, households, slum areas. ABSTRAKKota merupakan suatu tempat pemusatan berbagai kegiatan manusia baik dari kegiatan sosial, kegiatan ekonomi, maupun kegiatan politik dimana berkonsentrasi pada satu tata ruang di atas permuakaan (darat) yang memiliki batas-batas wilayah administrasi yang sudah ditetapkan. Kota merupakan suatu tata ruang permukiman berpenduduk dengan jumlah yang banyak di atas lahan perkotaan yang terbatas, yang pada umumnya bersifat non agraris. Perkembangan kota tidak selalu menimbulkan dampak positif, namun memiliki dampak negatif diantaranya munculnya kawasan permukiman kumuh di sekitar pusat kota. Di sekitar pusat kota memiliki berbagai pusat  kegiatan diantaranya pariwisata, kesehatan, pendidikan dan perdagangan serta jasa baik di lingkup kota, provinsi maupun nasional. Kelima kegiatan tersebut berkembang dengan cukup pesat yang mengakibatkan berkembang kawasan permukiman di sekitar pusat kota dan buruknya berkembang permukiman kumuh di lokasi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman kumuh. Lokasi penelitian berada di Kota Bukittinggi Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner ke rumah tangga se-Kota Bukittinggi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman kumuh diantaranya Kualitas Hunian, Kepadatan Bangunan, Pendidikan dan Aksesibilitas Jalan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan guna pengentasan permukiman kumuh di Kota Bukittinggi.Kata kunci: kota, rumah tangga, permukiman kumuh.

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu aspek yang dapat menentukkan kualitas kehidupan seseorang. Pemerintah membuat beberapa program untuk memperbaiki mutu pendidikan nasional, salah satunya adalah program dalam bidang pendidikan yang dibuat khusus untuk anak- anak pada usia dini yaitu Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Memberikan pendidikan untuk anak memang seharusnya diberikan sejak anak dalam usia dini untuk membentuk pribadi anak agar lebih siap menghadapi jenjang pendidikan selanjutnya. Partisipasi PAUD pada tahun 2017 di Provinsi Sumatera Barat masih tergolong rendah, sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian tentang faktor-faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap partisipasi PAUD terutama dari keluarga. Untuk keperluan tersebut maka digunakan regresi logistik biner sebagai alat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan keluarga yang mempengaruhi status partisipasi PAUD di Provinsi Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2017 yaitu status pendidikan ibu, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan rata-rata pengeluaran rumah tangga selama sebulan.

Smart Indonesia Program (Program Indonesia Pintar/PIP) is a policy made by the Indonesian government that aims to guarantee and ensure every child has access to a decent education and has the same learning opportunities at all levels of education. However, the enrollment rate at the secondary level, especially in senior high school, is still far from the government target, as stated on the National Medium-Term Development Plan of 2015-2019. This study aims to understand the PIP’s impact on the probability of getting an education in Indonesia's Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas/SMA). This study applied logistic regression analysis to determine PIP's effect regarding children's opportunities at the age of 16-18 years old to attend school. This study uses data from 16-18 years old children who belong to the households categorized as the 40% lowest expenditure group in Susenas 2017, to align with the PIP’s target based on Integrated Database (Basis Data Terpadu /BDT). The result reveals that 16-18 years old children in households included in the lowest 40% of expenditure who receive PIP have higher and significant probabilities of attending high school level in Indonesia. Administration of PIP to 16-18 years old children from the 40% lowest expenditure group will increase their chance to participate in senior high school/equivalent by 15-25 percent. The characteristics of the beneficiaries such as gender, education level of the head of the household, and residence area can affect PIP's performance in escalating the probability of 16-18 years old children attending senior high school/equivalent.

This study examines the effect of human capital (HC) on three median (quintile) income, namely the low median income category (Q1 = 0.25), middle median income (Q2 = 0.5) and high median income (Q3 = 0, 75). for Indonesian workers in the west and east regions. Total respondents for this study were 51,210 workers, consisting of employers, workers and casual workers. All respondent data were recorded in the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) in 2016. The HC variables in this study were years of schooling, certified training, length of work and age. This study also discusses the interaction effect between (1) vocational education background and length of study, (2) participation in certified training and length of study (3) experience and participation in certified training. This study applies the Mincer model with quantitative regression analysis to break the effect of HC at a certain level of income. The results showed that the length of study had a positive and significant effect on the income of workers in both regions, especially for western Indonesia who graduated or continued their education at vocational schools. Meanwhile, workers in the eastern region who participated in certified training had a more significant influence on their income. It was also found that lower length of work reduced the effect of training participation especially for eastern workers. It is interesting that these results can be fully observed for workers with lower incomes. Therefore, the specific implications of this research must be developed, especially programs for vocational education and legal protection of workers’ careers to maintain optimal labor market outcomes in Indonesia.

The functions of house not only as a residence, but also as an asset, investment, identity and a reflection of the preference of its inhabitants. Housing ownership for low-income people is something that is not easy, it needs support from the government through various housing supply and development programs. The government needs to pay attention to housing ownership preferences for low-income people in an effort to meet this housing need. This study aims to identify housing ownership preferences for low-income people who take the study area in Payakumbuh City. These preferences were identified using conjoint analysis by looking at four factors, namely the type of housing provision, financing scheme, price and location. The results showed that in general 250 respondent households chose the informal type of housing provision, namely building houses independently, the financing that was considered more considered was non-formal financing by making loans to family/friends, savings or by selling assets. The price of the selected house is under Rp. 100,000,000, - with a location on the outskirts of the city. The price factor is the most important factor in assessing or buying a house (41.467%), followed by the financing scheme factor (22.089%) then the location factor of the house (18.908%) and the type of house (14.736%). The correlation value with the Person's r method is 0.985 and with the Kendall's Tau method of 0.929 indicating that the respondent's preference is acceptable to describe the preference for home ownership with a small significant value of 0.05.