The main objective of this work is to evaluate the 2013 annual radiological control results in the radiopharmaceuticals areas of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN/SP, and the environmental radiological impact, resulting from the practices there performed. The current evaluation was performed through the analysis of the results obtained from occupational and environmental monitoring with air samplers and TL dosimeters. All monitoring results were compared with the limits established by national standards. The radionuclides detected by air sampling (in activated carbon cartridges and filter paper) at the workplace during radioisotope production were 131 I, 99m Tc and 99 Mo, with activities concentrations values below the annual limits values. For the radioactive gaseous releases (Bq/m 3), the activities concentrations also remained below the maximum admissible values, excepting to 125 I release due to an unusual event occurred in a researcher laboratory, but the radiological impact to environmental was no significant. The occupational monitoring assessment was confirmed by the Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program results with air samplers and TL dosimeters. The mean annual background radiation at IPEN in 2013, according to the Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program results was 1.06 mSv. y-1 , below the ICRP 103 recommended limit of 20 mSv.y-1 for workers.

The occupational risk assessment is a structured and systematic process, which depends on the correct identification of probable risk factors and agents potentially found at workplace. The objective of this paper was to carry out the basic characterization of a Brazilian radioisotope production facility through ample knowledge of the workplace, workforce, performed tasks and identification and evaluation of occupational risk agents at the workplace. The data analyses comprised qualitative or quantitative approaches based on subjective information obtained by questionnaire, interviews and observations about workplace, workforce and risk agents. The workforce was distributed into eight work processes. Regarding task-related exposure there was assumed that all workers presented the same expo-sure profile. Therefore, an evaluation of the association degree between the occupational risk agents was undertaken; 17 risk agents were identified at the workplace, including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and accident risks. Although the workers may be potentially exposed to different risk agents, the ionizing radiation was the main physical risk factor observed in this facility.

2009 i A meus pais e irmãos A minha esposa Ângela, pelo seu amor, dedicação e incentivo A minhas filhas Lívia e Sofia, luz eterna no meu viver ii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao amigo Professor Dr. Gian-Maria Agostino Ângelo Sordi, pelo incentivo, confiança e orientação na execução desta Tese. À Professora Dra. Linda V. Caldas, pelas revisões, pelos ensinamentos, sugestões, estímulo e amizade demonstrada durante a realização deste trabalho. Ao Bel. Jurandyr S. de Carvalho, pelo apoio e ajuda no levantamento de informações, pelas fotos e pela amizade dedicada durante a realização deste trabalho. À Dra. Luzia Venturini, pela amizade e inestimável colaboração na modelagem matemática e na realização dos cálculos. Ao amigo, "irmão", Dr. Paulo Fernando Lavalle Heilbron Filho, pelas discussões, sugestões, estímulo e amizade demonstrada durante a elaboração desta tese. Ao M. Sc. Matias Puga Sanches, pela amizade, incentivo e discussão dos dados levantados. Às amigas Sra. Filomena de Fina Beraldo e Sra. Donata Zanin, pela amizade e ajuda na preparação dos exemplares e na formatação da Tese. À Diretoria de Radiofarmácia pela oportunidade oferecida para a coleta de informações sobre o transporte de radiofármacos. Aos amigos e colegas da Gerência de Radioproteção, que direta ou indiretamente colaboraram na realização deste trabalho.iii IMPACTO RADIOLÓGICO DEVIDO AO TRANSPORTE DE RADIOFÁRMACOS DO IPEN -CNEN/SP Demerval Leônidas Rodrigues RESUMO Quando um embalado é transportado, as pessoas que trabalham, residem ou circulam no itinerário percorrido pelo transporte de materiais radioativos são irradiadas, assim como aquelas pessoas que estão dentro dos veículos que viajam no mesmo sentido ou no sentido contrário. Desta forma, o trabalho proposto tem como principal objetivo estimar o impacto radiológico resultante do transporte de radiofármacos do IPEN -CNEN/SP até alguns destinos previamente definidos. Para isso, foram estimadas as doses nos indivíduos do público que estão nas ruas e nos veículos que trafegam próximos dos meios de transporte, ao longo do itinerário percorrido pelos embalados, durante a realização dos transportes dos radiofármacos. Foram estimadas as doses, também, para os trabalhadores, resultantes tanto da operação de condução do meio de transporte como das operações de carga e descarga dos embalados, já que estas tarefas são executadas pelo mesmo trabalhador. iv ABSTRACT When a package is shipped, people who work, live or travel in the route used for transportation of radioactive materials are irradiated, as well as those who are inside vehicles that travel in the same or opposite directions.Therefore, the proposed work has as main objective to estimate the radiological impact of the transportation of radiopharmaceuticals of IPEN-CNEN/SP to some predefined destinations. The doses in individuals who are in the public streets and in vehicles that travel close to the means of transportation, along the route traveled by packages, during the transport of radiopharmaceuticals were estimated. The doses were also estimated for dr...