This study aims to describe the word patterns of jama 'takṡīr, grammatical signs, and their function and position in the novel "Qātilu Hamzah" by Najib Kailani morphosyntactic theory. The data collection technique in this study used a descriptive qualitative method with the note-taking method. Meanwhile, the data analysis used descriptive morphosyntactic analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, the following findings were found. First, the pattern of jama 'takṡīr in the novel "Qātilu Hamzah" by Najib Kailani has 63 data consisting of 40 words (1 wazn) jama' takṡīr type jama 'takṡīr qillah, 19 words (6 wazn) jama' takṡīr type jama 'takṡīr kasrah, 4 words (4 wazn) jama 'takṡīr type jama' takṡīr Sigat Muntahā al-Jumū '. Second, based on its position in the sentence (syntax) jama 'takṡīr occupies three syntactic functions: Marfu', Manshub, and Majrūr. Each of these functions is further classified into several divisions including the position of Marfu' functions as Fā'il, naibul Fā'il, mubtada', khabar, ismu kana wa akhwatiha, khabaru inna wa akhwatiha, na'at wal man'ut, aṭaf, taukid, idhofah and badal. Then the position of Manshub functions as maf'ul bih, maf'ul muthlaq, maf'ul liajlih, maf'ul fiih, maf'ul ma'ah, mustatsna bi illa, hal, tamyiz, munaada, khabaru kaana wa akhwatiha, ismu inna wa akhwatiha, na'at wal man'ut, aṭaf, taukid, idhofah and badal. Then finally the position of Majrur served as Majrur bi harfi Jarr, and idhofah.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas mengenai kronologi turunnya Al-Qur’an yang dikaji oleh tokoh orientalis yakni Sir William Muir dan Weil Gustave. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dan analisis isi. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini adalah Menurut Weil Gustav Al-Qur’an diturunkan dalam 4 periode, yakni:  Pertama periode Mekah awal, yaitu dari turunnya wahyu pertama hingga masa hijrah ke Abisinia (tahun 615 M). Kedua, periode Mekah pertengahan, yaitu dari akhir periode pertama hingga saat kembalinya Nabi Muhammad Saw. Dari Thaif (tahun 620 M), Ketiga, periode Mekah akhir, yaitu dari akhir periode kedua hingga peristiwa hijrah (September 622 M), dan keempat, periode Madinah. Sedangkan menurut Sir William Muir mengkategorikan turunnya Al-Qur’an dalam enam periode, diantaranya: Pertama, diturunkannya surat rapsodi. Kedua, diturunkannya empat surat di dalam kitab suci Al-Qur’an yang menurut analisisnya sebagai surat-surat pembukaan atau awal masa kenabian dari Nabi Muhammad Saw. Ketiga, diturunkannya surat berisi nilai–nilai kebangkitan. Keempat, diturunkannya surat-surat yang ada di dalam kitab suci Al-Qur’an sudah mengarah kepada cerita Yahudi, pendeta, rabi dan kisah orang–orang Arab. Kelima, diturunkannya surat-surat yang berisi tentang penghapusan larangan. Keenam, turunnya surat-surat setelah turunnya nabi Muhammad yang berjumlah dua puluh satu surat.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the three Hindu teachings in fostering an attitude of tolerance between religious communities. This research method uses qualitative research through literature study and content analysis. The results and discussion of this research are Hinduism and its development, the concept of tolerance in general, and Hindu religious teachings related to tolerance in religion. The conclusion of this study is that Indonesia is a plural country. This plurality can be seen from aspects of culture, language, race, ethnicity, and one of them is religion. Religious differences are often very sensitive differences for adherents. Conflicts between religions are not uncommon in Indonesia. So to overcome and prevent conflicts between religious communities, it is necessary to instill the values of tolerance in every human being. Tolerance itself is an attitude of mutual respect, letting, and respecting what is different from him. In every religion, of course, it is taught about the value of tolerance and mutual respect between religious people. One of them is in Hinduism, in Hinduism there are three teaching concepts that discuss the attitude of tolerance between humans, namely Vasudhaiva Kutumbhakam, Tat Twam Asi, and Tri Hita Karana.

<p class="abstrak">This study aims to determine how the relationship between Islam and local culture in the <em>Kawin Cai</em> tradition of the Sundanese people. This research method  is a  field research by collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there is a mutually supportive correlation between Islam and local culture. The pattern of correlation between Islam and local culture can be seen from the implementation of the <em>Kawin Cai</em> tradition in the Jalaksana District community which contains Islamic values. Activities based on religious values in the <em>Kawin Cai</em> tradition include praying together, eating together and sharing among human beings. These activities have proven the correlation between Islam and local culture in Tatar Sunda, especially in Jalaksana District, Kuningan Regency. This study contributes to realizing harmony in society. It is hoped that the community will understand more and more that the implementation of local traditions is not always associated with shirk, but there is religious value in it. Such comprehension makes a significant contribution to the pluralistic society of Indonesia.</p>