A novel microfluidic–robotic interface that is able to achieve automatic on-demand volume distribution ranging from nanoliter to microliter is introduced.

Perception of information is of critical importance for aquatic activities; however, the complex underwater situation faces unique technical challenges to address. Thus, an underwater environment-incorporated sensing strategy, referred to as aquatic skin, has been introduced with multi-modality sensing capacities of contact pressure, tactile mapping, depth, temperature, and salinity in a flexible architecture. Remarkably, this has been all achieved by a multi-modality iontronic sensing principle in an all-in-one structural configuration, simplifying the sensor design, material preparation, device fabrication, and signal processing. Particularly, an inverse iontronic sensing mechanism, utilizing complementary elastomeric-electrode and environmental-electrode interfaces, is developed for contact pressure detection with exceptional resolution and hydraulic balance. Moreover, a hydrophobic ionic gel with adjustable surface morphologies has been developed as the functional sensing layer for all the units with long-term stability. Consequently, the aquatic skin can achieve sub-Pascal resolution of contact pressure detection (0.59 Pa), and sub-millimeter spatial resolution of tactile mapping (522 pts cm −2 ) over an extended range of depths (0-40 m), while the environmental influences can be spontaneously eliminated through a self-compensation process. The aquatic skin is applied toward several representative underwater scenes, including real-time monitoring of vital/environmental signals, tactile recognition of creatures, and biomechanical analysis of fish swimming.

Aquatic Skin Enabled by Multi‐Modality Iontronic Sensing Perception of multi‐modality information is of critical importance for aquatic activities; however, the complex underwater situation limits the development of sensing technology in such environment. In article number 2205947, Tingrui Pan, Yu Chang, and co‐workers developed an underwater environment‐incorporated iontronic sensing strategy, referred to as aquatic skin, with multi‐modality sensing capacities of contact pressure, tactile mapping, depth, temperature, and salinity in a one highly flexible and compact architecture.

Blink reflex has long been considered closely related to physiological states, from which abundant information on ocular health and activities can be revealed. In this study, a smart glasses wearable has been developed, incorporating a flexible and sensitive pressure sensor, to monitor blink patterns by continuously detecting ocular muscular movements, referred to as blink-sensing glasses. By applying the emerging flexible iontronic sensing (FITS) sensor with the sensitivity of 340 pF/mmHg, the skin pressure variations induced by movements of the orbicularis oculi muscles can be monitored in real time. The blink-sensing glasses can successfully capture blink patterns with a high accuracy of 96.3% and have been used to differentiate the blink features from both dry-eye subjects and healthy controls. This device can be potentially used as a new clinical and research monitoring tool for continuous eye blink analysis, while providing patients with high comfortableness in long-term ambulatory and home settings.