The equilibrium condition between molten steel and slag during manganese-ore carbon-reduction was studied using both resistance furnaces and induction furnaces. The resistance furnace experiment shows that it is difficult to further increase the yield of manganese (maintained at around 37%) without stirring. The bottom blowing and top slag stirring were strengthened in the induction furnace test, where white slag was continuously produced to promote the carbon reduction of manganese dioxide in slag between molten steel and slag. Under these conditions, the yield of manganese between molten steel and slag can reach greater than 90%. The main factors affecting the manganate capacity are the carbon and silicon content in molten steel. The limiting process of manganese mass transfer is mainly the mass transfer of manganese in molten steel. Under carbon reduction in molten steel the limiting factor affecting the mass transfer of manganese is the mass transfer of manganese in slag.

Ontology is regarded as an effective method of knowledge modeling and has been hot researched in knowledge engineering. This paper puts it into the design of educational resource system, taking Seven-step Methodology construction as the basis, adopting the software engineering structured design methodology, proposes a general educational domain ontology construction method, and has made detailed descriptions for each step and deep analysis on the relationships between subject knowledge in university majors. Finally, for application, an undergraduate software engineering major domain ontology is designed by this method. The method has strong universality and portability, can be used as a reference for other domain ontology construction.

Аннотация Ключевые слова Представлены алгоритмы классического фильтра Калмана для компенсации погрешностей навигационных систем летательных аппаратов. Описано использование фильтра Калмана для компенсации погрешностей измерительных систем в автономном режиме. Выполнен анализ характеристик выходных сигналов инерционной навигационной системы (ИНС) и спутниковой навигационной системой (СНС). Представлена схема обработки сигналов гибридной системы, разработан алгоритм синтеза сигналов из ИНС и СНС с фильтром Калмана, реализующим компенсацию погрешностей обеих систем. Представлены результаты математического моделирования погрешностей ИНС и фильтра Калмана, выполнено сравнение результатов оценивания с теоретическими значениями. Доказано, что точность навигационной системы можно повысить с помощью фильтра Калмана.

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In this study, the feasibility of the carburization of vanadium-bearing hot metal was first investigated by thermodynamic analysis. Next, three carburizers, namely a low-nitrogen carburizer, anthracite, and coke, were used for carburization of 500 g of vanadium-bearing hot metal at 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. The carbon increments for the low-nitrogen carburizer, anthracite and coke followed decreasing order in the temperature range from 1450 °C to 1550 °C. Anthracite was the most cost-effective carburizer. Hence, anthracite is used in pilot-scale experiments of the vanadium-bearing hot metal (100 kg and 200 kg). Finally, vanadium extraction experiments of the vanadium-bearing hot metal were carried out in a top-bottom-combined blowing induction furnace. It is proved that the average superheat degree of semi-steel increases from 100 °C to 198 °C by the carburization of vanadium-containing hot metal.