Astragaloside IV (AST) is a major bioactive compound of Radix Astragali with medical and health benefits. Previous studies have found that AST can reduce the body weights of high‐fat diet fed mice. However, the effect of AST on fat metabolism of ageing mice is unclear. In this study, naturally ageing mice were administered intragastrically with AST at 30 mg/kg/day (ageing + AST‐L group) and 90 mg/kg/day (ageing + AST‐H group) for 16–20 months. Adult (4 months old) and ageing mice were given 1% sodium carboxyl methylcellulose as vehicle. Energy metabolism‐related biological parameters of living mice were examined. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of key enzymes/proteins involved in triglyceride (TG) lipolysis, fatty acid β‐oxidation (FAO), ketone body (KB) production and mitochondrial respiratory chain were also examined after sacrifice. Results demonstrated that treatment with AST significantly reduced body weight, white fat and liver/body weight ratio of ageing mice, significantly reduced serum/hepatic TG levels, respiratory quotient, promoted fatty acid mobilization in white adipose tissue, mitochondrial FAO and KB production and mitochondrial biosynthesis/functions in the liver of ageing mice. AST also up‐regulated the expression of phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, acetyl‐coenzyme A synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a/1b, enoyl coenzyme A hydratase‐short chain, acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase medium chain and mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase‐2 involved in fat metabolism. These results indicated that mitochondrial activity could be the target of AST to treat abnormal fat metabolism during ageing.

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Background: Nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (abbreviated as NEAT1) refers to a long-chain non-coding RNA involved within various physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed at clarifying the effect and molecule system of neat1 within nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Method: In this review, we summarize and analyze current studies concerning mechanisms of NEAT1 in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Also, we search the papers of NEAT1 in applying to NAFLD. The related studies were obtained through a systematic search of Pubmed. Results: Neat1 displays a close correlation with how T2DM occurs and develops, and it was confirmed to be significantly up-regulated in T2DM and its various complications (e.g., diabetics nephropathy, diabetics cardiomyopathy, diabetics retinopathy as well as diabetic neuropathy). Besides, neat1 is capable of impacting the occurrence, development and prognosis of NAFLD and T2DM. Conclusion: LncRNA neat1 is likely to act as a novel therapeutic target for and T2DM and its complications. Moreover, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is also correlated with NEAT1.

With the continuous improvement of living standards, obesity has become an inevitable hotspot in our daily life. It remains a chronic and recurrent disease with serious adverse consequences. Over the past few years, several articles suggested that long non-coding RNA taurine increased gene 1（lncRNA TUG1）, a useful RNA, was suggested to show a relationship to obesity-related disease occurrence and development. Exosome is an emerging research field, which contains substances that are actively involved in regulating the molecular mechanisms of disease. This review summarizes the current relevant TUG1 in different molecular pathways of diseases related to obesity, relationship between exosomes and TUG1 or diseases related to obesity. The aim is to explore TUG1 as a novel target for obesity, which can deepen the knowledge regarding epigenetic regulation pathway. Besides, it is likely to be a potential future targeting diseases related to obesity site treatment and diagnosis

Background: Increasing academic efforts have been made to explore the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with human diseases, particularly metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Taking lncRNA H19 as an example, this review intends to reveal the functions and mechanism of lncRNA H19 in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Methods: The research results associated with lncRNA H19 and diabetes mellitus are collected and summarized on PubMed. Conclusion: LncRNA H19 is a potential instructive marker for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.