El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar prácticas de liderazgo y gestión escolar efectivas en tiempos de crisis dentro de los establecimientos educativos, que permitan mantener un funcionamiento normal durante el tiempo que lleve su resolución. Se entiende como crisis un cambio de mayor intensidad que produce un desajuste en el funcionamiento de una organización, y entre ésta y el contexto. Para cumplir con el objetivo de investigación, se realizó un estudio de casos en el que se hizo un seguimiento de dos liceos de la zona centro sur de Chile que fueron damnificados por el terremoto ocurrido en febrero de 2010, a través de metodologías mixtas que incluyeron entrevistas, focus groups, encuestas, técnicas proyectivas y revisión de información secundaria. Se identificaron tres líneas de acción relevantes: a) mantener el foco en lo pedagógico a pesar de las adversidades; b) propiciar un liderazgo distribuido, empoderando a los actores relevantes y promoviendo la participación escolar; y c) asegurar una estrategia de comunicación que sea para todos, permanente y por canales formales para reducir los niveles de ansiedad. Adicionalmente, cuando es pertinente, se vuelve importante la apertura hacia el apoyo externo y la asesoría sin miedo a mostrar las debilidades internas.Descriptores: Liderazgo escolar, Crisis, Liderazgo distribuido, Participación escolar, Comunicación interna. This paper aims to identify effective school leadership and management practices during a crisis period. We define crisis as a change of great intensity which produces a school operation imbalance within the organization and with its surrounding environment. We are particularly concerned about those practices that allow coping with the context of adversity and keeping normal operation. In order to identify those practices, we conducted a case study of two high schools that were highly affected by the Chilean massive earthquake on February 2010, the sixth largest in the world ever recorded. These schools were monitored for four years using mixed methods, including interviews, focus groups, surveys, projective techniques and secondary information review. As a result, we identify three main effective strategies: a) ensuring a focus on pedagogy despite all the other concerns; b) empowering others to distribute leadership and spread the school community support, promoting wider participation of the entire school community including parents and students; and c) ensuring permanent formal communication to the entire community in order to reduce anxiety and avoid misunderstandings. Additionally, when available, it is important to be open for external support despite the risk of showing internal weaknesses.
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