Introduction:Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) represent disease of the eye in premature born children which affects immature blood vessels of the retina during their development. The emergence of retinopathy of prematurity depends on the interaction of multiple factors, such as: gestational age, low birth weight, hypoxia, duration of oxygen supplementation, respiratory distress syndrome, twin pregnancy, anemia, blood transfusions, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, hypotension, hypothermia, etc. If remain unrecognized and untreated it can cause severe visual impairment and blindness in children, but can also be prevented with timely screening.Goals:To establish the number of patients with development of retinopathy of prematurity active forms in the observed time period and examine which risk factors have most significant impact on its origin.Material and methods:In a clinical, retrospective study we observed a total of 80 premature born children in the period from January to May 2015 with regard to listed risk factors identified for eye examination.Results:From a total of 80 premature newborns sample included 48.8% male and 51.2% female children. The active form of ROP developed in 6.2% of cases, while in 93.8% of cases there was a spontaneous resolution. Patients who developed active form of ROP have significantly younger gestational age (26.4±1.5 weeks) and lower birth weight (874±181 grams), lower Apgar score in the first and fifth minute and were longer on oxygen therapy (20±3.4 days).Conclusion:Of the potential risk factors that could affect the development of ROP active form following factors have a statistically significant influence: early gestational age, low birth weight, lower Apgar score and prolonged oxygen therapy (p <0.05).

Objective: Testicular torsion (TT) is an emergency requiring a prompt diagnosis and surgery to avoid irreversible changes and a complete loss of testis. The present study aimed to identify potential factors that may be predict a testicular salvage after TT in pediatric patients. Methods: Consecutive medical records of all children ≤16 years old with surgically confirmed TT over a period of five years (2011-2016) were collected. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to testicular viability and the type of treatment: Orchidectomy and orchidopexy. The differences between the two groups and potential predictors of testicular salvage were analyzed.Results: Thirty-one boys with TT met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The mean age was 13.6 years (range, 10 days -15.8 years). Testicular salvage was possible in 18 (58.1%) patients. The duration of symptoms and a lesser degree of torsion indicated a testicular salvage in children and adolescents with testicular torsion, but in multivariate analysis only duration of symptoms (time to surgical detorsion) was significantly associated with the risk of non-salvage. At follow-up, testicular atrophy affected 73.3% of the patients treated with orchidopexy. Conclusion: Duration of symptoms is the only predictor of successful testicular salvage following testicular torsion in children. It is associated with a substantial risk of testicular loss and atrophy.

Goal:The goal of this study was to determine relationship between the sensitivity and specificity of testicular volume (TV) and testicular atrophy index (TAI) in the indirect assessment of functional ability of cryptorchid testicles.Material and Methods:The study included sixty children with unilateral cryptorchidism who were treated surgically at the Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. We evaluated the correlation of the size of cryptorchid testicles with its locations in various age groups.Results:The results showed a significant decrease in TV and TAI in the all cryptorchid groups after the sixth month of age compared with the same parameters in control group (p<0.001). It is also determined a strong correlation between the TV and TAI of cryptorchid testicles with its locations in various age groups.Conclusion:Our results showed that the average volume of cryptorchid testicles decreased after the sixth month as well as that the reduction of testicular size correlated with increasing distance of cryptorchid testicles from the scrotum.

Introduction:Inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) can be primary or secondary, isolated or combined to other types of horizontal deviation, mostly with esotropias. Surgical weakening of IOOA means several techniques like; recession, myotomy, myectomy, anteroposition etc.Goals:we analyzed the effect of inferior oblique muscle surgical weakening comparing two groups of patients with primary hypertropia.Material and methods:In 5-years retrospective study, we observed 33 patients on which we did the surgical procedure of weakening inferior muscle overaction by two methods; recession and myotomy.Results:In total number of 33 patients, there were 57,6% male and 42,4% female patients with average age of 10,6±7,5 (in range of 4–36). There was 33,3% of isolated primary hypertropias, and 66,7% combined with esotropias. At 23 (69,9%) patients the recession surgical procedure was done, and with 10 (30,1%) myotomy. Better effect and binocularity was in 65,2% of patients in recession group which was statistically significant with significance level of p<0,0, χ2=5,705; p=0,021.Conclusion:Comparing of two surgical procedures of weakening inferior oblique muscles overaction, recession is better procedure than myotomy.

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