RESUMORealizou-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantio sobre o crescimento e a produtividade de duas cultivares de morangueiro de "dia neutro" em sistema de cultivo orgânico. O experimento foi realizado em Pelotas (RS). Os tratamentos constaram da combinação de dois fatores experimentais: densidade de plantio (3,51; 5,26 e 7,02 plantas m -2 correspondentes a linhas duplas, triplas e quádruplas, respectivamente) e cultivar (Diamante e Aromas). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. No fim do período experimental, foram determinadas a produção e a partição de biomassa dos órgãos aéreos das plantas, a produtividade e os principais índices de crescimento. O cultivo do morangueiro na densidade de 5,26 plantas m -2 (em linhas triplas) proporciona adequada produção e partição de biomassa das plantas e produtividade de frutos de 30,4 Mg ha -1 , valor superior a densidade de 3,51 plantas m -2 (linhas duplas) e semelhante ao da densidade de 7,02 plantas m -2 (linhas quádruplas). Assim, a adoção de linhas triplas de cultivo pode ser empregada para favorecer o crescimento das plantas e a produtividade da cultura em sistema orgânico de produção. As cultivares Diamante e Aromas proporcionaram padrões semelhantes de crescimento e de produtividade.Palavras-chave: Fragaria x ananassa Duch., fisiologia da produção, produção e partição de massa seca, produção sustentável, manejo ecológico. ABSTRACT GROWTH AND YIELD OF "DAY-NEUTRAL" STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES IN ORGANIC CROP SYSTEMThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant density on growth and yield of two "day-neutral" strawberry cultivars in organic crop system. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State. The treatments were composed by the combination of two experimental factors: plant density (3.51; 5.26 and 7.02 plants m -2 , corresponding to double, triple and quadruple rows, respectively) and cultivars (Diamante and Aromas). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications. At the end of the experiment, dry mass production and partitioning, yield and the main growth index were evaluated. The strawberry crop at 5.26 plants m -2 (triple row) provide an appropriate plant biomass production and partitioning and a yield of 30.4 Mg ha -1 . This yield was higher than the yield obtained at 3.51 plants m -2 (double row) and similar to the values found in the treatment with 7.02 plants m -2 (quadruple row). Therefore, triple row arrangement for strawberry crop can be used in order to benefit plant growth and yield in organic crop system. The Diamante and Aromas cultivars showed similar growth and yield pattern.

Several agro-industrial, livestock, and food wastes can be recycled to create biofertilizers. This diversity of raw materials can result in nutritional imbalance and an increase in heavy metal content, which could make the final product unfeasible. Thus, the chemical characterization of the raw materials and their influence on the sustainable and safe production of biofertilizers need to be better understood. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of agro-industrial residues used in the manufacture of an aerobic liquid biofertilizer. We analyzed the macronutrient, micronutrient, and trace metal contents of seven waste products used as raw materials to create a biofertilizer. In addition, a survey of secondary biofertilizer data from different residues was carried out that showed great heterogeneity in the chemical compositions of these residues, which has a direct impact on the agronomic efficiency of these biofertilizers. The characterization revealed that some materials may be contaminants of the soil, due to high levels of trace metals, especially cadmium. We conclude that the generation of detailed inventories, such as those of the nutrient and heavy metal contents of the raw materials and biofertilizers produced, is indispensable for the correct recommendation of biologically-based inputs in agriculture.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de cultivares de morangueiro em sistema de cultivo orgânico, observando a influência da posição da planta no canteiro sobre a produção acumulada e a partição de massa seca entre os órgãos aéreos das plantas. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Clima Temperado, Estação Experimental Cascata, Pelotas, RS. Os tratamentos constaram da combinação de dois fatores experimentais: cultivar ('Albion', 'Aromas', 'Camarosa' e 'Camino Real') e a posição das plantas no canteiro (Central e Bordadura). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas divididas e quatro repetições. A cultivar 'Camarosa' apresentou maior produção de massa seca dos órgãos aéreos das plantas (62,3; 27,5 e 88,0g planta-1 para folha, coroa e frutos, respectivamente) e, juntamente com a 'Aromas', maior produtividade (64,2 e 59,1Mg ha-1, respectivamente). A cultivar 'Aromas' apresentou a maior contribuição proporcional dos frutos para a composição do total de massa seca da planta (60,6%) e o maior índice de colheita (88%). A posição das plantas não influenciou o crescimento e a produtividade, indicando ausência de efeito de bordadura para as cultivares 'Albion', 'Aromas', 'Camarosa' e 'Camino Real'.

Tomato growers adopting an ecologically based system have opted for determinate growth varieties due to their ease of staking and sprouting, and due to the fact that they have a shorter cycle, which reduces phytosanitary problems that usually occur towards the end of the growing season. This study aimed to evaluate yield components and fruit quality of 'Floradade' determinate growth tomato in an ecologically based production system with regard to plant density and number of stems per plant in two growing seasons, spring-summer (SS) and summer-fall (SF). Two experiments were conducted in Pelotas in the years 2010/2011 under open field conditions. Plants were trained with two or four stems and four plant densities were evaluated: 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 and 3.6 plants m-2 in SS, and 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 plants m-2 in SF. The fruit number, fruit average weight, fruit yield, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids and fruit pH were evaluated. The average fruit yield obtained in SF was on average 80% lower than that in SS. The increase of plant density and number of stems per plant led to an increase in fruit number and fruit yield in the two crop seasons. There was an increase in total soluble solids and reduction in the ascorbic acid content of the fruit. Two stems per plant and plant density of 3.0 plants m-2 are recommended for the 'Floradade' tomato crop under an ecological production system and SS crop conditions.