The experiment was conducted with the aim of determining the attractability and palatability of liquid protein hydrolysates for Nile tilapia. Five experimental diets were formulated containing 5% inclusion of fishmeal (FPE; positive control), 5% inclusion of liquid protein hydrolysate of porcine mucosa (PHM), 5% inclusion of liquid protein hydrolysate of poultry (PHF), 5% inclusion of liquid fish oil (OPE) and a diet without fishmeal (negative control). Five juveniles (2.51 ± 0.13 g) were distributed in 10 L tanks, and the animals were fed five times a day, with a previous draw being made of the offered diets. The same amount of pellets was offered and the following feeding behaviours were evaluated with the aid of three‐minute footages per feeding: time to capture first pellet, number of rejections, number of approaches without capturing the pellet and number of consumed pellets. None of the observed parameters displayed significant differences (p > .05), and all diets presented negative palatability indexes in comparison to FPE. The SPE diet provided a attractability and palatability index of 6.17%, while OPE index was 2.87%, PHM 2.82% and PHF 2.74%. Both PHF and PHM reduced the final consumption of pellets in comparison to FPE in approximately 28% and 20%, respectively, although it did not present significant values.
Environmental conditions in broiler houses, specifically temperature, are key factors that should be controlled to ensure appropriate environment for broiler rearing. In countries with tropical/subtropical climate, like Brazil, high temperatures produce heat stress to animals, affecting the production process. This research proposes a real-time model to control temperature inside broiler houses. The controller is a self-correcting model that makes real-time decisions on the ventilation system operation (exhaust fans) together with temperature prediction at the facility. The model involves partial differential equations (PDE) whose parameters are updated according to data registered in real-time. Some experiments were carried out at a pilot farm in the municipality of Jundiaí, São Paulo State, Brazil, for different periods during winter and summer. The results based on simulations in comparison with the current automatic ventilation system show that the model is consistent to keep temperature under control for an efficient production. The model achieved a bias of 0.6 °C on average in comparison with the ideal temperature, whereas the automatic controller measured a bias of 3.3 °C, respectively. Future lines suggest that this approach could be useful in many other situations that involve environmental control for livestock production.
Agradeço aos professores Martínez e Cheti, pela atenção, carinho, responsabilidade e ética ao orientar esta pesquisa. Com estes professores pude aprender não apenas como fazer pesquisa, mas também proĄssionalismo, caridade e integridade.A Deus, por me amar e iluminar permitindo que eu alcance mais do que almejo. À Nossa Senhora, por interceder por mim diariamente. Ao André que por amor e com amor me ajudou e apoiou em cada etapa do doutorado. Aos meus pais Élcio e Irma, pelo amor, apoio, carinho e orações. À professora Daniella e à Thayla que contribuíram de forma atenciosa com seus conhecimentos sobre avicultura de corte. Aos demais colegas da Feagri que pude conhecer ao longo desta pesquisa.Aos professores Ernesto, Franklina e Maria Cristina pelas valiosas contribuições à tese. Ao colega Dante que me acompanhou no desbravamento de uma nova área de conhecimento. Aos colegas do Imecc, em especial Douglas, Bruno, Deise, Marcus, Abel, Roberta, Júnior e Júlio por me ajudarem sempre que preciso e pelas risadas diante das diĄculdades.Aos funcionários do IMECC, em especial aos funcionários da secretaria de pós-graduação. Às pessoas que colaboraram de forma direta ou indireta, por meio de incentivo, e troca de experiências.Aos órgãos de pesquisa Capes e CNPq pela bolsa de apoio e à FAPESP pelo auxílio à pesquisa.
A matemática é uma disciplina que frequentemente é alvo de aversão e dificuldades por parte dos alunos, especialmente a partir do Ensino Fundamental II. Muitas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas com o intuito de aderir ferramentas metodológicas que contribuam para romper as barreiras epistemológicas criadas pelos alunos. Para contribuir com a aprendizagem e o ensino um projeto de Extensão desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Paraná, com o título de “Jogos Matemáticos/Educação Não Formal”, constituído por graduandos do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Exatas desenvolve atividades em conjunto com a rede pública de ensino. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o impacto de um minicurso sobre jogos matemáticos para graduandos e professores, desenvolvidos no XV Encontro Paranaense de Educação Matemática – EPREM. Os jogos propostos foram: “Corrida de Obstáculos”, um jogo de tabuleiro, e o “Soma Zero”, um jogo de cartas.
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