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The Consensus Group Technique is a new method for carrying out qualitative research in small groups. It was designed particularly for use in participative research, by which relatively untrained moderators may obtain more reliable data than is possible in these circumstances with focus groups. The principle of consensus groups is almost the opposite from the principle of surveys: In consensus groups, instead of using questions with fixed wording and determining the distribution of multiple-choice answers, a criterion level of agreement is set (usually around 75%) and statements are modified to determine whether the criterion level can be met.Most types of social research use an analytical approach. Users of this approach seek to understand the world by breaking it down into small units, then reassembling those units to form generalizations. Accordingly, much social research-apart from ethnographic anthropology-focuses on defining differences between individuals and population segments.An alternative mode of research, which could be considered synthetic rather than analytic, would seek similarities rather than differences. What sort of research could that lead to?The paradigm of survey research is that the questions and possible answers are fixed, so only the percentages can vary. But what if that paradigm were reversed: What if a criterion percentage were set at a certain (high) level, and the wording varied as necessary to reach that level? There would no longer be questions and answers as such, only statements of accepted truths. This could be synthesis.The underlying principle is that by varying the meaning and wording of statements, it is often possible to find a proposition with which most people will agree. Naturally, the percentage who agree will depend on the level of agreement used as a criterion. This could range from fervent evangelism down to grudging acceptance. Much of the time there will not be agreement, as there are many issues on which the population is divided. However, where underlying agreement exists, why not try to define it?

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Durch nucleophile Substitution von Organo-arsen-und Organo-antimon-halogeniden, -alkoxyden, -iminiumhalogeniden und -oxyden mittels Peroxyanionen werden As-und Sb-organische Peroxyde der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung R3Me(-OO-R')2, ( R~M I~O O -) , (Me = As, Sb) und R3Sb(Z)-0O-RR' (Z = Br, OR", CZHS) dargestellt und naher untersucht.Peroxyphosphorsaureester des Typs (RO)zP(O) -00 -R'3) sind thermisch unbestandig, was auf den die 0 -0-Bindung polarisierenden EinfluR der am Phosphoratom sitzenden elektronegativen Substituenten mriickzufuhren ist. Man kann daher annehmen, dal3 ein Ersatz dieser Gruppen durch Alkyl-oder Arylreste zu thermisch bestandigeren Peroxyverbindungen fiihren wird, die in dieser Hinsicht den entsprechenden Trialkyl-bzw. Triaryl-alkylperoxy-Derivaten der Elemente der 4.Hauptgruppe ahneln. In dieser Richtung fuhrten wir Untersuchungen an den dem Phosphor in der 5. Hauptgruppe des Periodensystems folgenden Elementen, Arsen und Antimon, durch. PEROXYDE DER ZUSAMMENSETZUNG R3Me( -00 -R ) 2Da die Darstellung Ge-, Sn-und Pb-organischer Peroxyde durch Umsetzung entsprechender Organometallhalogenide mit den Natriumsalzen organischer Hydroperoxyde in nahezu allen Fallen gelungen warl), lieBen wir zunachst ein Trialkyl-(Triary1)-arsen-bzw. -antimondihalogenid (I) in einem indifferenten Losungsmittel bei Raumtemperatur auf das Natriumsalz eines organischen Hydroperoxyds (11) einwirken. Es wurde so das entsprechende Triorgano-dialkylperoxy-arsen bzw. -antimon (111) in sehr guter Ausbeute isoliert.