Cellular electrophoretic mobility values of 288 types of eucaryotic cells were collected from literature published worldwide by a series of authors during the past forty years and arranged in a list. This list contains well-known recent electrophoretic results and also data that cannot be found anymore with modern literature retrieval systems. It will be a valuable help for scientists trying to purify cell populations. In addition, it confirms the observation that most eucaryotic cells have very similar electrophoretic mobilities, ranging from 40% above to 50% below the electrophoretic mobility of human erythrocytes, and thus reinforces the suggestion that electrophoretic mobilities of eucaryotic cells are subjected to strong biological controls.

We now report an increased multiplication rate of NB in microgravity-simulated conditions. Thus, NB infection may have a potential role in kidney stone formation in crew members during space flights. For further proof to this hypothesis, screening of the NB antigen and antibody level in flight crew before and after flight would be necessary.

Modern approaches to minimally invasive ablative treatment of solid tumors involve the use of miniature instruments and combined treatments. These can be enhanced with ultrasound imaging that depicts tumor margins; facilitates guidance, delivery, and dosage of local chemotherapy; and can monitor the effectiveness of the treatment. This paper describes the advantages of ultrasound guided cryosurgery combined with local chemotherapy delivered in multilamellar, echogenic microcapsules of 5-FU ("µcaps") using a xenograft tumor model. has a better and longer inhibitory effect on tumor growth compared to the growth inhibition rendered by cryosurgery or local microcapsule chemo-therapy alone. This shows promise for a new, focal, combined ablative modality using US guided deposition of microencapsulated drug(s) and echogenic markers deposited in the hypothermic margin of tumors which could enhance the efficacy of cryoablation of prostate cancers.

Cultured, bone marrow-derived macrophages, murine spleen and lymph node cells, and human lymphocytes were tested for their ability to secrete cytokines in space. Lipopolysaccharide-activated bone marrow macrophages were found to secrete significantly more interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor when stimulated in space than when stimulated on earth. Murine spleen cells stimulated with poly I:C in space released significantly more interferon-alpha at 1 and 14 hours after stimulation than cells stimulated on earth. Similarly, murine lymph node T cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes, stimulated with concanavalin A in space, secreted significantly more interferon-gamma than ground controls. These data suggest that space flight has a significant enhancing effect on immune cell release of cytokines in vitro.

This study aimed at confirming the increased growth inhibition (GI) of human prostate tumors produced by a intentionally palliative combination treatment of cryochemotherapy, i.e., partial cryoablation (CA) followed by intratumor partial chemotherapy with injection of microencapsulated 5-fluorouracil (MCC/5FU) at the ice ball (IB) periphery. We report the local effectiveness of cryochemotherapy compared to chemotherapy only with using multiple injections of MCC/5FU spaced out to maximize cumulative effect of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) during a 21-day period. Prostate bioluminescent tumor cells - DU145 Luc+ - were implanted sub-cutaneously and bilaterally in each flank of nude mice. Tumors were treated with: (i) cryoablation alone (CA), causing necrosis in approximately 45% of the tumor volume; (ii) cryo-chemotherapy (CA+MCC/5FU), a combined regimen consisting of partial CA followed immediately and on day 14 by ultrasound assisted, intra-tumor injections (40 mul) of MCC/5FU( 0.81 ng/mm3 of tumor) containing Ethiodol (IPO) an imaging contrast agent, on two opposite sides of the unfrozen part of tumor; (iii) intratumor chemotherapy (MCC/5FU), consisting of three successive intra-tumor injections of microencapsulated 5FU on two opposite sides on Day 0, 4, and 11, and (iv) control series (MM), consisting of a single injection of echogenic microcapsules (mucaps) containing IPO but no 5FU. Tumor growth and viability were followed during a 21-day period with using biometric measurements, bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and ultrasonography (US), and then animals were sacrificed. CA, spared 54.4% of the tumor volume and the IB kill ratio was 0.4 +/-0.9. The maximum tumor volume reduction observed by Day 3 was short-lived as re-growth became significant by Day 6. CA+ MCC/5FU spared 55.6% of the tumor volume and the IB kill ratio was 0.54 +/- 0.12. The viable tumor cells, as measured by BLI remained at preoperative levels. After 11 days CA+ MCC/5FU limited the growth of the partially ablated tumors to only 10.6% of the growth of CA treated tumors (p=0.04). By Day 18 the CA+MCC/5FU had inhibited tumor growth by 78% compared to the CA treated tumors (p=0.05) and after 21 days the growth was inhibited by 71% (p=0.04) compared to more than 650% growth in the MM group and 600% growth in the CA treated group. The two injections of MCC/5FU produced a visible focal necrosis in 55% of the tumors. MCC/5FU proved effective by themselves and reduced the growth of prostate tumor volumes by 51% (p=0.025) compared to MM controls during the 21 days. Focal necrosis was macroscopically visible at the site of 66% of the tumors injected only with MCC/5FU. The BLI clearly showed zones of reduced tumor cell viability at the injection sites. The mean number of bioluminescent (viable) tumor cells, remained below preoperative levels for the first 6 days and then increased at a rate approximately 20% that of the growth of control tumor cells. The chemoablative effects of intentionally limited doses of MCC/5FU injected within the IB margin...