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The native forage, false Rhodes grass [Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M. Peterson and N.W. Snow], represents an important component of the arid and semi-arid rangelands of the Americas, due to its large area of distribution and its tolerance to drought and cattle grazing. Precise information on nutritive value and the factors that influence this trait is relevant for effective utilization as a forage in arid regions of the world.Here, we characterized dry matter (DM) per plant and nutritive value parameters in leaves, stems, and panicles of 21 genetically diverse L. crinita accessions, in a 2-yr partially replicated trial. Dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, fat, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations were determined. Significant (p < .01), substantial variation was found among accessions for DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ash, and fat content. Whole-plant DM varied ∼threefold among the accessions. Variation was also found among the plant parts (p < .001) for all traits, with leaves and panicles having greater CP content than stems, and leaves being the less fibrous organs. In general, the range values found for DM (117-342 g DM plant −1 ), CP (76-109 g kg −1 ), NDF (747-839 g kg −1 ), and ADF (425-479 g kg −1 ) partially overlapped the range of variation reported for these traits in other forage grasses of arid regions, although some L. crinita accessions had greater CP and DM than most of the compared species; suggesting that L. crinita is an adequate forage grass for cattle grazing.

IntroductionThe use of drought tolerant genotypes is one of the main strategies proposed for coping with the negative effects of global warming in dry lands. Trichloris crinita is a native forage grass occupying extensive arid and semi-arid regions in the American continent, and used for range grazing and revegetation of degraded lands.MethodsTo identify drought-tolerant genotypes and possible underlying physiological mechanisms, this study investigated drought tolerance in 21 genetically diverse T. crinita genotypes under natural field conditions. The accessions were grown under irrigated (control) and drought conditions for 84 days after initiation of the drought treatment (DAIDT), which coincided with flowering initiation. Various morpho-physiological traits were monitored, including total-, foliage-, and root biomass yield, dry matter partitioning to individual plant organs (roots, leaves, stems, and panicles), total leaf area, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, stomatal conductance, and number of panicles per plant.Results and discussionBroad and significant variation (p&lt;0.001) was found among the accessions for all the traits. Three highly tolerant and three very sensitive accessions were identified as the most contrasting materials, and their responses to drought stress were confirmed over two years of experiments. Under prolonged drought conditions (84 DAIDT), the tolerant accessions were generally more productive than the rest for all the biomass yield components analyzed, and this was associated with a postponed and more attenuated decrease in variables related to the plant photosynthetic activity, such as stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and photochemical efficiency. In contrast to previous findings, our data indicate no direct relationship between drought tolerance and the level of aridity in the accessions natural habitats, but rather suggest genetic heterogeneity and ample variation for drought tolerance in T. crinita natural populations derived from a particular location or environment. Also, having low total and forageable biomass yield, or increased biomass allocation to the roots (i.e., lower foliage/root ratio), under optimal water availability, were not associated with greater drought tolerance. The drought-tolerant accessions identified are of value for future genetic research and breeding programs, and as forage for range grazing and revegetation in arid regions.