Objectives Noncommunicable disease (NCD) including obesity, cancer, and diabetes has become particular concern worldwide due to its morbidity and mortality which keep increasing annually. Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to be substances that are involved in the development of NCD. Several diet regimens have been developed to treat NCD, one of which is the ketogenic diet (KD). This study aimed to analyze the long-term KD effect on serum adiponectin and IGF-1 levels in mice. Methods This study was a real experimental with post-test only controls group design. The subjects were 14 male mice (2–3 months, 20–30 g) were randomly divided into two groups, K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, KD with a composition of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber). All subjects were given diet intervention for 8 weeks ad libitum. Serum adiponectin and IGF levels were measured in post-intervention using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Distribution of normality was analyzed by the Shapiro–Wilk Test, mean difference using Independent T-Test, and linear correlation using Pearson’s Correlation Test. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16. Results Serum adiponectin levels in K1 (0.080 ± 0.012) pg/mL and K2 (0.099 ± 0.005) pg/mL, with p=0.003. Serum IGF-1 levels in K1 (133.535 ± 25.702) ng/mL and K2 (109.987 ± 27.118) ng/mL, with p=0.121. Coefficient correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels [r]=−0.401, with p=0.155. Conclusions Long-term KD increases serum adiponectin levels and has no effect on serum IGF-1 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels.

Highlights1. In Indonesia, 18.8% of all suicides were the result of chemical poisoning, such as using hydrochloric acid (HCl).2. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) can be used as an emergency therapy for acute pathology or as a supplementary treatment for chronic illness. AbstractBackground: Suicide is the second most common cause of death and is a major public health problem in many countries globally. Chemical poisoning, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), accounted for 18.8% of the total suicide cases in Indonesia. Through ingestion, this acid chemical contributes as the most common cause of swallowing injuries that can adversely affect the gastrointestinal mucosal through various pathological processes, primarily through an excessive inflammatory process. On the other hand, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been widely used as a non-pharmacological therapy in many diseases, although its mechanism for reducing inflammation in HCl poisoning has remained unclear. Objective: This study aimed to provide a better understanding on hyperbaric oxygen's biomolecular mechanism as a potential adjuvant therapy in HCl poisoning. Discussion: HCl poisoning causes an excessive inflammatory process, leading to tissue hypoxia indicated by increased expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreases the expression of HIF-1 through activation of the HIF-1 hydroxylation pathway via prolyl hydroxylase (PDH) in the proline pathway and HIF inhibiting factor (FIH) in the asparagine pathway. Reactivating both pathways will decrease HIF-1 activity, eventually reducing the ongoing inflammatory process. In addition, HBOT also plays a role in wound healing by stimulating angiogenesis growth factors. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has the potential to be used as adjuvant therapy in HCl poisoning due to its beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory mediators and wound healing.

[Bahasa]: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada berbagai aspek, termasuk kesehatan mental mahasiswa. Berbagai studi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kejadian gangguan mental di masa pandemi. Gangguan mental terbanyak adalah depresi, kecemasan, dan stres. Pengetahuan kesehatan mental merupakan salah satu cara untuk menekan kejadian gangguan mental. Namun, data mengenai pengetahuan kesehatan mental terhadap gangguan mental pada mahasiswa masih terbatas. Oleh karenanya, peneliti mengadakan kegiatan edukasi melalui webinar daring untuk memberikan edukasi kesehatan mental yang mencakup penelitian untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan mental dan kejadian gangguan mental terbanyak, perbedaan keduanya berdasarkan aspek sosiodemografi, serta hubungan antara dua aspek tersebut pada mahasiswa di Indonesia selama pandemi. Data diolah menggunakan analitik komparatif dan korelasi dengan teknik pengambilan consecutive sampling. Respon diambil menggunakan kuesioner DASS-21 untuk mengetahui status psikologis responden dan 16 item pertanyaan yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan responden. Sebanyak 265 responden didominasi oleh jenis kelamin perempuan (81,5%), berusia 15 – 19 tahun (57,4%), dan berasal dari Jawa (62,3%). Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan depresi kurang (42,6%), kecemasan baik (61,9%), dan stres sangat baik (48,3%), dengan tingkat depresi normal (40,3%), kecemasan sedang (30,6%), dan stres sedang (27,2%). Hasil uji komparatif tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada variabel, kecuali tingkat pengetahuan kecemasan menurut kelompok usia (p=0,033). Uji korelasi Spearman Correlation menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan mental terhadap tingkat depresi (p=0,250), kecemasan (p=0,819), dan stres (p=0,403). Kata Kunci: kesehatan mental, depresi, kecemasan, stres [English]: COVID-19 pandemic affects many aspects of human life, including college students’ mental health. Some studies showed increase on mental disorder in pandemic era. The most common mental disorders are depression, anxiety, and stress. Mental health knowledge is a means to suppress mental disorder. However, studies that concerned in mental health knowledge on mental disorder amongst college students are limited. Therefore, we held online webinar for mental health education, including a research aimed to analyze the most common mental health knowledge and disorder level, difference of both according to sociodemographic aspects, and correlation between those two aspects in college students during pandemic. All data was processed by using comparative and correlation statistical analytic with consecutive sampling. The instruments used were DASS-21 questionnaire to assess psychological status of respondents and another questionnaire with 16 items that had passed validity and reability tests to assess mental health knowledge. A total of 265 respondents were included, dominated by female (81.5%), aged 15 – 19 years old (57.4%), and from Java (62.3%). Most of respondents had less depression knowledge (42.6%), good anxiety knowledge (61.9%), very good stress knowledge (48.3%), normal depression level (40.3%), moderate anxiety (30.6%), and moderate stress (27.2%). The results of the comparative test show no significant difference on variables, except anxiety knowledge on age group (p=0.033). The result of Spearman Correlation show no correlation on mental health knowledge to depression level (p=0.250), anxiety level (p=0.819), and stress level (p=0.403). Keywords: mental health, depression, anxiety, stress