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Metabolic Syndrome (MS) may be characterized with obesity and insulin resistance. In obesity, the increased accumulation of fat in the circulation and tissues will lead to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), followed by oxidative stress. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the accumulation of excess free fat in the form of triglycerides caused by lipolysis due to insulin resistance, can cause inflammation and liver cells damage characterized by increased serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Nigella Sativa (Black Seed) oil is known to be efficacious as an antioxidant that can improve hepatic function. This study uses a cross over design to determine the effect of black seed oil with a dose of 1.5 ml/day and 3 ml/day on SGOT and SGPT activities in patients with SM. A total of 62 SM patients were divided into two groups which received 1.5 ml/day and 3 ml/day respectively for 20 days, and after 7day washout, the doses were reversed. Measurements were performed on the 21st and 49th days. The results showed a significant difference in SGOT activity decrease in patients receiving 1.5 ml/day compared with those receiving 3 ml/day. However, in terms of SGPT, there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups.

Hypertension in the elderly can increase the workload of the heart and arteries which, if continued, can cause damage to the heart and blood vessels. So that requires routine medication adherence to reduce blood pressure. While the elderly with hypertension must take medication regularly because adherence and a good understanding in carrying out therapy can affect blood pressure and prevent complications. This study aims to determine the pattern of the use of hypertension drugs in outpatient geriatric patients in kindergarten hospitals. II Pelamonia Makassar in January-March 2019. This type of research is a non-experimental quantitative study using descriptive design. Descriptive research that aims to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description of the facts and the nature of a particular population or area. This study obtained 23 medical records of geriatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria in this study were geriatric patients diagnosed with hypertension with age usia 60 years and receiving hypertension treatment. The results showed that the most commonly used classes of hypertension were amlodipine by 23%, single candesartan by 17%, and micardis by a single 13%, and the most used drug combination therapy was a combination of amlodipine and candesartan by 17%, amlodipine and valsartan by 13%), while candesartan and bisoprolol by 17%.

ABSTRAK            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penurunan kadar glukosa darah dari rebusan daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) pada mencit yang telah di induksi glukosa 20% b/v. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, kelompok I kontrol negatif dengan pemberian Na-CMC 0,5% b/v, kelompok II pemberian glibenklamid 0,002% b/v sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok III pemberian rebusan daun pandan wangi dengan konsentrasi 5% b/v, kelompok IV pemberian rebusan daun pandan wangi dengan konsentrasi 10% b/v, dan kelompok V pemberian rebusan daun pandan wangi dengan konsentrasi 20% b/v.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data secara statistik, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa rebusan daun pandan wangi yang digunakan dengan konsentrasi 5% b/v, 10% b/v, dan 20% b/v dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit tetapi penurunannya tidak signifikan karena hasil penurunan rebusan daun pandan wangi yang digunakan dengan konsentrasi tersebut tidak jauh berbeda dengan penurunan Na-CMC sebagai kontrol negatif. Kata kunci : Daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.), rebusan, glukosa darah, dan mencit (Mus musculus).