The efficacy of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil and hypoglycemic drug combination to reduce HbA1c level in patients with metabolic syndrome risk Abstract. Metabolic syndrome is a conditions caused by metabolic abnormalities include central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. HbA1c examination is required to study the long-term glycemic status and to prevent diabetic complications of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil and hypoglycemic drug combination to reduce HbA1c level in patients with metabolic syndrome risk. This research performed using an experimental randomized single -blind controlled trial design. A total of 99 outpatients at the Jetis I Public Health Center, Yogyakarta, Indonesia with metabolic syndrome risk were divided into three groups: The control group received placebo and two treatment groups received black seed oil orally at dose of 1.5 mL/day and 3 mL/day, respectively, for 20 days. The clinical conditions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, BMI, blood glucose serum and HbA1c levels were examined on day 0 and 21. The results obtained were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test. The mean of HbA1c levels of all groups before treatment was higher than the normal values and there was no significant difference in HbA1c value on day 0. Administration of 1.5 and 3 mL/day of black seed oil for 20 days decreased (p<0.05) HbA1c levels. It can be concluded that administration of black cumin seed oil and hypoglycemic drug combination for 20 days in patients at risk of metabolic syndrome may reduce to HbA1c levels.

Abstract. Non-adherence to the treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major obstacle in achieving patient therapy targets and quality of life of patients. A comprehensive approach involving pharmacists counselling has shown influences on changes in health behaviour and patient compliance. Behaviour changes in patients are one of the parameters to assess the effectiveness of counselling and education by pharmacists. Therefore, it is necessary to develop questionnaires of behaviour change measurement in DM-hypertension patients. This study aims to develop a measurement instrument in the form of questionnaires in assessing the behaviour change of DMhypertension patients. Preparation of question items from the questionnaire research instrument refers to some guidelines and previous research references. Test of questionnaire instrument valid was done with expert validation, followed by pilot testing on 10 healthy respondents, and 10 DM-hypertension patients included in the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, field validation test was conducted on 37 patients who had undergone outpatient care at the PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta City Hospital and The Gading Clinic in Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were male and female patients, aged 18-65, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with hypertension who received oral antidiabetic drugs and antihypertensives, and who were not illiterate and co-operative. The data were collected by questionnaire interviews by a standardized pharmacist. The result of validation test using Person correlation shows the value of 0.33. The results of the questionnaire validation test on 37 patients showed 5 items of invalid questions with the value of r <0.33, e: questions 2, 3, 6, 10 and 11, while the other 10 questions show the value of Pearson correlation > 0.33. The reliability value is shown from the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.722 (> 0.6), implying that the questionnaire is reliable for DMhypertension patients. This Behavioural change questionnaire can be used on DM-hypertension patients, and an FGD approach is required for the development of factors affecting this questionnaire.

BCSO is effective as an anti-aging agent in cultures of endothelial and macrophage exposed 7.12, dimethyl-benzantracene (DMBA). Reactive radicals damage endothelial tissue, cause inflammatory reactions and have a role in carcinogenesis. Excessive eNOS expression linked to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis of lung cancer. The research objective was to determine the effect of BCSO on the expression of eNOS and NO levels of macrophage SD rats exposed DMBA.A study used 36 rats SD that divided into 6 groups, given BCSO (0,01, 0,05 and 0.1 ml / day), positive, negative and normal control. Variables were serum levels of NO and eNOS expression in endothelial tissue.The results showed that eNOS expression in DMBA group is higher than the normal group (P <0.05). BCSO will decrease eNOS expression and NO levels. ENOS expression and NO levels in group BCSO 0,01 and 0,05 ml / kg body weight / day lower than the DMBA group (p <0.05), and similar to the normal group (P> 0.05). Conclusion: a dose BCSO can degrade endothelial eNOS expression and NO levels of macrophage culture supernatant SD rat DMBA induced.

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Regular visits of HIV patients to the hospital are expected to provide a positive therapeutic out-come because during the visit clinical monitoring, laboratory testing, counseling conducted by health workers and VCT themes, as well as taking antiretroviral (ARV) routine drugs every once a month, so that it is expected that the compliance of HIV patients to take ARV drugs will increase. Marking the success of the treatment of antiretroviral therapy come from HIV patients includes the minimum opportunistic infections related to AIDS and malignancy, increased CD4 cell counts, and increased body weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of booklet media education on the level of adherence, perception, clinical out come and the quality of life of HIV patients in RSUD R. Soedjati Soemodiharjo The method used was quasi experimental with the design of two design pretest-posttest groups. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Statistical tests using a sample independent-sample test. The results obtained from this study are a description of the demographic characteristics of HIV patients in RSUD R. Soedjati Soemodiharjo, namely the highest age at 18-29 years as many as 22 patients (36%), dominated by women 43 people (70,5%), married as many as 49 people (80,3%), elementary school education 35 patients (57,4%), the most work was not working 23 people (37,8%), the highest duration of illness was above 1 year, 29 patients (47,6%), the most comorbid / comorbidities suffered by HIV patients in RSUD R. Soedjati Soemodiharjo were TB as many as 8 patients (36,4%). Perception on perception shows a P value of > 0,05. Intervention on compliance analysis results P > 0,05. Both treatment and control studies have moderate adherence because they have 48 patients (78,6%). Statistical results showed a significant difference for Hb because the SPSS results were P < 0,05 between the treatment with controls and for the leukocyte number P > 0,05, meaning that there was no significant difference between treatment and control. Interventions with quality of life P < 0,05. The conclusion is the influence of quality of life education intervention, Hb on HIV patients in RSUD R Soedjati between the control and treatment groups P <0,05.