Validation of behaviour measurement instrument of patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Abstract

Abstract. Non-adherence to the treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major obstacle in achieving patient therapy targets and quality of life of patients. A comprehensive approach involving pharmacists counselling has shown influences on changes in health behaviour and patient compliance. Behaviour changes in patients are one of the parameters to assess the effectiveness of counselling and education by pharmacists. Therefore, it is necessary to develop questionnaires of behaviour change measurement in DM-hypertension patients. This study aims to develop a measurement instrument in the form of questionnaires in assessing the behaviour change of DMhypertension patients. Preparation of question items from the questionnaire research instrument refers to some guidelines and previous research references. Test of questionnaire instrument valid was done with expert validation, followed by pilot testing on 10 healthy respondents, and 10 DM-hypertension patients included in the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, field validation test was conducted on 37 patients who had undergone outpatient care at the PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta City Hospital and The Gading Clinic in Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were male and female patients, aged 18-65, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with hypertension who received oral antidiabetic drugs and antihypertensives, and who were not illiterate and co-operative. The data were collected by questionnaire interviews by a standardized pharmacist. The result of validation test using Person correlation shows the value of 0.33. The results of the questionnaire validation test on 37 patients showed 5 items of invalid questions with the value of r <0.33, e: questions 2, 3, 6, 10 and 11, while the other 10 questions show the value of Pearson correlation > 0.33. The reliability value is shown from the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.722 (> 0.6), implying that the questionnaire is reliable for DMhypertension patients. This Behavioural change questionnaire can be used on DM-hypertension patients, and an FGD approach is required for the development of factors affecting this questionnaire.

The Body Mass Index, Blood Glucose Level and the Quality of Life of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Primary Health Care: Cross-Sectional Study

“…This study's results differ from previous studies' results, which show that the quality of life of DM patients is lower. Quality of life is the achievement of an ideal human being or as desired [8]. The HRQOL definition contains several domains and develops according to needs.…”

“…The Integrated Health Center Disease Surveillance Report (IHCDSR) and the Yogyakarta Health Office-Hospital Information System (YHOHIS) report in 2014 show that DM is the 4th most common disease in DIY [8]. Of the five districts or cities in DIY, Bantul Regency has the highest DM prevalence.…”

“…Uncontrolled blood glucose levels lead to disease complications. Patients with type 2 diabetes experience a prevalence of diabetes complications of 63.1%, so that the quality of life decreases due to complex problems [8]. DM patients with obesity are thought to be more at risk of experiencing abnormal blood sugar conditions and experiencing a decreased quality of life [19] [20].…”

Brief Counselling with Self-evaluation Drug Use Sheet to Improve the effectivity of Drug Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertension Complication Outpatients

“…Before the instrument used in the research, validation test of the questionnaires and SEDUS form has been done for the diabetes mellitus with hypertension complication patients at PKU Muhammdiyah Hospital and Gading Clinic. The preliminary test has also been done to avoid bias and ambiguity [25], [26].…”

Normal Fasting Blood Sugar Levels and Medication Adherence Improve the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Primary Health Facilities

“…Sabaté (2003) claimed that adherence will increase with clear treatment instructions, individual beliefs and attitudes to heal, pleasant and authoritative health workers, social and family support, knowledge, minimum drug effects, simple treatment, affordable prices, and good relationships between health workers and patients [40,55]. In general, the factors related to the level of adherence in DM patients are age, education, patient knowledge about drugs and disease, social and economic status, therapeutic regimens, and patient interactions with health workers [56,57].…”