No abstract

The United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) is "the principal global intergovernmental body exclusively dedicated to the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women." The continued success of the CSW's mission is critical. Under the guise of needing competent male leaders to protect them, women and girls in many countries nonetheless suffer dire consequences from international conflict and war. While females may send mostly male loved ones into armed conflict, women and girls themselves face economic sanctions, poverty, displacement, and heightened risk of sexual violence, in an environment that already fails to respect their equal human rights with men. It is no accident that in most countries, females are de facto excluded from positions of power where they could try to prevent such conflict (Enloe, 2014), and the CSW is actively working to overcome this reality. In this article, we use a mixed-method approach to evaluate the level of United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) representation and responsiveness to diverse women populations as reflected in (a) state delegations' participation in formal session, (b) NGO participation, and (c) NGO priorities. We find that the CSW displays a high level of representation and responsiveness to diverse state delegations across UN regions in terms of their speaking time in formal session. The CSW is at best moderately representative of women's NGOs through regional advance consultations, and the level of responsiveness to women's NGOs is low. This is due to: costly barriers to entry to gain ECOSOC status, large underrepresentation of some UN Regions, and the fact that during formal session, women's NGOs participate primarily at parallel offsite events. Although the CSW passed important resolutions, its representation and responsiveness to women's NGO priorities is lower than it should be. We base our evaluation by comparing our surveys of attending and non-attending women's NGOs that showed top priorities that the 2010 CSW did not discuss or pass resolutions on such as: land rights, sex trafficking, internet access for women, and the effects of climate change on women. We contend that during 1970-1994, when World Conferences on Women occurred, parallel transnational advance consultations among women's NGOs in tandem with CSW regional consultations created a broadening of the CSW's agenda. Rincker et al. Evaluating the United Nations CSW The CSW rationally anticipated different kinds of feminism beyond liberal feminism and a broader set of priority issues for diverse women populations. We therefore argue for a Fifth World Conference on Women to increase the representativeness and responsiveness of the CSW.

No abstract

In the world, one billion people are affected by tropical diseases, mainly people with low economic resources in rural and marginal urban regions. Being an important public health problem, prevention and control have been attempted. Achieving relevant progress in this regard. The objective is to show aspects related to the sanitary approach of tropical diseases. Based on the documentary review of virtual databases based on systematic analysis. The findings were grouped into: advances in the control of tropical diseases; tropical diseases from the prism of human rights; and challenges to consider for the maintenance of the control and extension of the prevention of tropical diseases. It is concluded that despite the complexity of the transmission of tropical diseases, great advances have been made in the control and prevention of some of them; that the principles of participation, non-discrimination and responsibility guarantee the human right to health in tropical diseases; that the progress achieved in the control and prevention of tropical diseases requires international support, consideration of environmental factors, timely health response, professional training, community participation and the promotion of research on the subject.