Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan di Dunia saat ini. Indonesia termasuk 27 negara dengan high burden MDR TB di dunia, diperkirakan 6800 kasus baru per tahun, 2,8% merupakan kasus baru dan 16% pernah mendapatkan obat anti tuberculosis (OAT) sebelumnya. MDR TB primer terjadi pada pasien yang sebelumnya tidak pernah mendapat pengobatan OAT. Diabetes mellitus merupakan faktor predisposisi dan komorbid yang dapat mempercepat terjadinya penyakit TB dan mempersulit pengobatannya. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk melaporkan kasus MDR TB primer pada pasien dengan DM type 2. Kasus pasien laki-laki 58 tahuh dengan gejala batuk produktif dengan sputum kekuningan sejak 2 bulan, keringat malam dan penurunan berat badan. Hasil tes cepat molekuler menunjukkan MTB detected medium dan rifampicin resistant detected. Rontgen toraks infiltrate dan cavitas di apex paru. Pasien denga DM type-2 tidak terkontrol selama 12 tahun dengan HbA1c 10,5 %. Kami menyimpulkan bahwa DM merupakan salah satu konkommitant faktor predisposisi dan komorbid MDR TB primer. Pada pasien dengan DM perlu dilakukan skrining TB dan sebaliknya pasien TB juga perlu dilakukan skrining DM. Terapi MDR TB dengan DM sesuai dengan paduan standar nasional terapi MDR TB dan  menjaga kadar gula darah tetap terkontrol.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as the onset of respiratory distress in a patient after receiving a blood component transfusion. So far, TRALI is considered a rare complication in the field of blood transfusion. However, in the last decade, there has been a shift in perspective. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration recognizes the syndrome as the leading cause of transfusion-related death. This literature review aims to describe TRALI and its prevention strategies. Understanding the pathogenesis of TRALI drives prevention strategies from a blood bank perspective. A major breakthrough in efforts to reduce the incidence of TRALI was excluding female donors from the high plasma volume product, which resulted in an approximately two-thirds reduction in incidence. However, this strategy has not completely eliminated complications of transfusion. In recent years, research has identified patient-associated risk factors for the development of TRALI and empowered clinicians to take an individualized approach to patients requiring transfusion.

TB paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang sering dijumpai di Indonesia. TB paru masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan di dunia, dengan harapan di tahun 2030 kasus TB paru dapat dieradikasi secara tuntas. Bersamaan dengan kasus TB paru yang belum tuntas, infeksi HIV/AIDS masih cukup tinggi di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Infeksi HIV/AIDS dapat memperberat kondisi klinis pasien TB paru itu sendiri. Mendiagnosis kasus TB paru pada pasien dengan HIV/AIDS pada prinsipnya tidak berbeda dengan kasus TB paru tanpa konfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pemeriksaan standar pada kasus TB paru berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi berupa pemeriksaan sputum BTA dan tes cepat molekular untuk mengetahui adanya kuman yang telah resisten terhadap obat rifampisin. Pemeriksaan radiologi tetap diperlukan untuk membantu diagnosis TB paru, terutama pada pasien–pasien yang sukar mengeluarkan sputumnya. Pemeriksaan radiologi juga bermanfaat untuk melihat luasnya lesi paru yang diakibatkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan penyakit oportunistik lain yang menyerang paru penderita dengan konfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pemberian obat Anti Retro Viral (ARV) pada kasus ini sebaiknya dimulai dalam waktu 2 minggu setelah pemberian Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and pose a global health threat. Each year these two diseases account for more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide. The incidence of both diseases is still high in many developing countries, especially in Asian countries. TB and lung cancer are often confused and misdiagnosed, especially in countries with diagnostic challenges of low TB incidence and risk of missed diagnosis.Case Presentation: The following is a case report of a 53-year-old male patient diagnosed with pulmonary TB accompanied by right lung cancer, and the same respiratory complaints can be had by lung cancer and TB. However, the presence of facial edema (part of the superior vena cava syndrome) causes clinicians to focus more on lung cancer so that the diagnosis of TB is often overlooked.Conclusion: Tuberculosis should be a significant concern, especially in patients with malignancies such as lung cancer and located in TB endemic areas. Delay in diagnosis and or miss diagnosis will affect the patient's outcome.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a new coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, PRC. The total number of COVID-19 cases worldwide has reached 102 million cases with 54 million cases recovered and 2.3 million cases dead. Handling for this pandemic is still being carried out. In Indonesia, the antiviral drugs used are those that meet the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) requirements, and are included in the COVID-19 management guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health. Antiviral options used are Oseltamivir, Favifirapir, Remdesivir. Until now, the use of antivirus is still being researched regarding the effectiveness and security of the antivirus used. Oseltamivir is used as an antiviral for COVID-19 with a mild clinical course, Favifirapir is used for mild to moderate clinical cases of COVID-19. For the use of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with severe and critis clinical conditions.