Reduksi Cr(VI) pada Tanah Menggunakan Microbacterium sp. Strain SpR3 dengan Bahan Pembawa Vermikompos Kromium hexavalen [Cr(VI)] adalah polutan yang berasal dari kegiatan industri. Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 dapat digunakan sebagai agen bioremediasi Cr(VI). Kemampuan agen biologi untuk mereduksi Cr(VI) umumnya meningkat bila diinokulasi dalam media pembawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 dalam mengurangi Cr(VI) serta membandingkannya dengan kondisi ketika diinokulasi dalam media pembawa vermikompos. Pengamatan dilakukan selama tujuh hari pada tiga perlakuan yang berbeda, yakni Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 dengan dan tanpa media pembawa vermikompos yang diinokulasi pada tanah steril yang mengandung 50 ppm Cr(VI), dan tanah steril tanpa inokulasi bakteri yang mengandung 50 ppm Cr(VI). Variabel yang diamati adalah jumlah bakteri, konsentrasi, dan kecepatan reduksi Cr(VI) oleh bakteri tersebut di dalam tanah pada T0 (hari ke-0) dan T7 (hari ke-7). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa vermikompos bisa digunakan sebagai media pembawa Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 karena dapat meningkatkan jumlah bakteri sampai 2 × 1010 CFU g-1 di dalam tanah dan dapat mengurangi Cr(VI) dengan kecepatan 0,095 mg L-1 jam-1. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a pollutant originated from industrial activities. Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 can be used as Cr(VI) bioremediation agent. The ability of bioagent to reduce Cr(VI) usually improves when inoculated in a carrier. This research aimed to assess the ability of Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 to reduce Cr(VI) in soil and compare its ability when inoculated in vermicompost carrier. Observations were carried out for seven days on three different treatments, namely Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 with and without vermicompost inoculated in sterile soils containing 50 ppm Cr(VI), and sterile soils containing 50 ppm Cr(VI) without bacterial inoculation. The observed variables were the number of bacteria, the concentration of Cr(VI) and the rate of Cr(VI) reduction by these bacteria in the soil at T0 (day 0) and T7 (day 7). It was concluded that vermicompost could be used as a carrier of Microbacterium sp. strain SpR3 as it could increase the number of the bacteria to 2 × 1010 CFU g-1 in soil and could reduce Cr(VI) at the rate of 0.095 mg L-1 h-1.

Findings of blood at the crime scene (TKP) can provide important information in criminal cases such as homicide. Blood findings at crime scenes are usually blood spots or traces of blood that can be found on various substrates. This study aims to determine the type of wall substrate and environmental conditions that have the ability to preserve blood better, prove by success rate in identifying blood type in ABO system until 336 hour of exposure. In this study, blood samples were exposed to three variations of wall substrates, namely plastered walls, plastered and painted walls, plastered and oil-painted walls; and in two different environmental conditions (indoor and outdoor). The method used to identify blood type in this study was absorption elution. First, blood samples from substrate was transferred to a gauze by NaCl 0,98%. Then a confirmation test was carried out to ensure that the gauze sample contains a blood sample. Positive results of the confirmation test were indicated by a change in the color of the sample to bluish green when it is dripped with H2O2 and Leuco Malachite Green (LMG). The positive sample was then dripped with antiserum to determine the blood type. The success of identification of blood groups was indicated by the agglutination in the samples that were dripped with antisera A, because the blood samples used in this study are group A. The results showed that the success rate of blood group identification on the three types of substrates in the indoor environment for 336 hours was 100%. Meanwhile, in the outdoor environment, only blood samples exposed to plastered wall substrate and wall paint for 264 hours could be identified for their blood type. It can be concluded that the three types of wall substrates have the same ability to preserve blood samples for up to 336 hours of exposure, but the environmental conditions that give the best percentage of successful blood group identification were in indoor conditions. For further research is recommended to focus on external environmental factors that have the most influence on the success of blood group identification in dried blood samples.

ABSTRAKPeluang peningkatan perekonomian melalui kegiatan budidaya udang masih sangat terbuka bagiIndonesia, namun harus memperhatikan aspek keberlanjutan usaha budidaya maupun lingkungan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi dan potensi wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Bantulsebagai sentra budidaya tambak udang berkelanjutan di pantai selatan Indonesia. Metode yangdigunakan adalah studi kasus melalui observasi dan wawancara, serta analisis data secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi tambak udang dilihat dari aspek lingkungan memilikikualitas air yang baik akibat tidak adanya pencemaran dari luar, karena kawasan tersebut bukanmerupakan wilayah industri. Namun, keberadaan tambak dikawatirankan dapat merusak lingkunganapabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Kondisi yang ada saat ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaantambak masih kurang baik karena tidak adanya sistem pengolahan limbah yang berdampak padamunculnya penyakit berak putih udang pada tahun 2016. Dilihat dari aspek ekonomi, keberlanjutanterjadi karena permintaan ekspor udang yang masih sangat tinggi dan belum bisa terpenuhi. Aspeksosial menunjukkan bahwa lokasi tambak udang di wilayah penelitian menimbulkan konflik sosialdengan adanya permasalahan status kepemilikan lahan, perijinan usaha, serta benturan dengankebijakan pemerintah setempat.Kata kunci: potensi, tambak udang, pesisir Bantul, konflik, berkelanjutanABSTRACTOpportunities to increase the economy sector by shrimp ponds farming activities are still very openfor Indonesia, but must consider the aspect of the sustainability of the cultivation and theenvironment. This study aims to examine the condition and potency of thr coastal areas of BantulRegency as a center for sustainable shrimp ponds farming in the southern coast of Indonesia. Themethod used is case study through observation and interview. then data were analysed descriptively.The results showed that the condition of shrimp ponds in terms of environment has good air qualitydue to the absence of pollution from the outside, because there is not an industrial area. However,the existence of the ponds are considered to damage the environtment if not properly managed. Inaddition, the condition of pond management is still not good because there is no sewage treatmentsystem, and cause the disease berak putih in 2016. From the economic aspect, the sustainability iscaused by the great number of demand that can not to be fulfill yet. Social aspects show that locationof shrimp ponds emerge conflict by the problems of land-planting status, business licensing, andcollision with the government.Keywords: potency, shrimp farm, Bantul’s coastal, conflict, sustainability

Most of the criminal cases leave traces at the TKP (Tempat Kejadian Perkara) which can be used as evidence to reveal the culprit and the chronology of events that have occurred. Blood is the most important biological evidence in TKP. Through experimental research with a completely randomized design (CRD), this study aims to determine the success rate of blood groups identification in different types of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) as wood substrate in open and closed environmental conditions up to a certain time period. The four variations of Sengon wood substrate used were natural wood, processed wood, painted wood, and varnished wood. After 336 hours exposure on wood substrate, blood sample on the substrate was confirmed to identify the ABO system blood group using the absorption-elusion method. The results showed that the success rate identification the blood groups in ABO system on all types of Sengon wood substrate in closed environmental conditions reached a 100% for observation periods until 336 hours. Despite, the success rate of blood identification from all types wood substrate in open environmental condition were 0% for observation periods until 336 hours. Those data was then tested for normality with SPSS. The results showed that the data are not normally distributed (sig >0,00) for all type of treatmment. So that non-parametric statistical tests were carried out. The results of the Kruskall Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment of Sengon wood substrate types and also in the length of time of observation (sig value 1,000). While the significance value on the environmental condition variable is 0.000, so it was concluded that there was a significant success rate's differences of blood group identification in samples that exposed to an open environment compared to a closed environment. This is reinforced by the results of the Kendall's correlation test and Spearman's test which show a strong correlation between the percentage of successful identification of blood groups and environmental conditions (correlation of 1,000). While the correlation value between the percentage of successful identification of blood group with the type of substrate and the length of time of exposure are 0.000 and 0.000, which is indicates a very weak correlation between the percentage of success of blood group with the type of substrate and the length of time of exposure. It can be concluded that the four types of wood substrates in closed environmental conditions had the same good ability to preserve blood within an exposure time of up to 336 hours. But, sample exposure in a closed environment provides the best percentage of success rate identification the blood groups in ABO system rather than the open environment was.

Most of the tidal land in the lakeside of Rawa Pening is currently used for rice farming activities. This activity is thought to have negative impacts on seasonal herbaceous wetland ecosystem in this region. The study aimed to analyze the influence paddy fields toward the seasonal herbaceous wetland ecosystems in Rawa Pening Lake through an vegetation composition and structure approach. This study is a quantitative descriptive research with field observation method. Data of vegetation was collected using line intercept transect technique in the area widely of 625 m2 for each affected and unaffected ecosystem sample. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Sorensen Similarity Index (IS), the Margalef Diversity Index (R), the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index (H'), the Dominance Index (C), and the Evenness Index (E). The results showed that there were differences in the composition and structure of vegetation on the two ecosystem samples, seen from the value of similarity index (IS) between both of them that included in the low criteria (39.85%). The results also showed that the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') and the Margalef Diversity Index (R) on the affected ecosystem sample  (H' = 1,9834; R = 1,825) are lower when compared to the unaffected ecosystem sample (H'= 2,1297; R = 2,112). So it can be concluded that the existence of paddy fields has changed the composition and structure of vegetation and reduced the diversity of vegetation in the affected ecosystem. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended to construct a sustainable management system of paddy fields on Rawa Pening Lake's tidal land as the effort for natural ecosystems maintenance in this region, especially in the biodiversity and ecological services preservation.