Nanometric zinc oxide was prepared by sol-gel method using two different capping agents e.g., ethylene diamine (EDA) and citric acid (CAM) in different solvents. Nanorods of ZnO was prepared by sol-gel method using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (1M). The as-synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, TG/DTA techniques. FESEM micrographs suggest that the formation of nanorods of ZnO takes place for EDA and CAM in MeOH after calcination at 150 °C and 170 °C, respectively for 12h. The antibacterial activity tests (also known as plus-minus tests) were done by allowing bacteria to grow normally in laboratory conditions, and also by subjecting to ZnO nanoparticles in the powder form. On comparison of the above two Petri plates, the presence of a zone of inhibition indicates the antibacterial nature, which would have not existed if the bacteria did not experience any adverse effects by the presence of the ZnO nanorods. In the present study, the activity tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (gram-negative) Micrococcus leuteus and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive) the results suggest the selective activity of the nanoparticles against these species.

at, David Gichoya, (2014),"Application of resource dependency theory and transaction cost theory in analysing outsourcing information communication services decisions: A case of selected public university libraries in Kenya", The Electronic Library, Vol. 32 Iss 6 pp. 786-805 http://dx.(2014),"Web 2.0 tools: a survey of awareness and use by librarians in university libraries in Africa", The Electronic Library, Vol. 32 Iss 6 pp. 864-883 http:// dx.If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of two law university libraries in the Karnataka state of southern India and their web-based online public access catalogue (web OPAC).Results from a survey of library users' attitudes towards the use of the web OPAC, methods adopted to learn how to use the web OPAC, guidance sought to use the web OPAC and the extent of use of the web OPAC search facilities in select law school libraries in Karnataka are reported. Design/methodology/approach -To study the users' attitudes towards the use of the web OPAC in law university libraries in Karnataka, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 users, including Bachelor Of Legislative Law students, Master of Laws students, research scholars and teaching staff. The sample population was chosen using the convenience sample method, and the researcher received 256 completed and usable questionnaires. A five-point Likert scale was used in the research questionnaire. Typical statistical tests such as mean and standard deviation were applied for the purpose of accuracy. Findings -The results of the survey indicated that 92.1 per cent of respondents were using the web OPAC. Most of the web OPAC users strongly agreed that they learned to use the web OPAC from a library orientation programme. It was found that there are positive attitudes towards the web OPAC search facility. The survey also found that the web OPAC search page has not given satisfactory guidance to web OPAC users. Practical implications -This research paper produces findings of relevance to any academic library to develop and implement a user-friendly web OPAC service. Originality/value -There have been no previous published research studies of the web OPAC and users'...

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