ABSTRAK<br />Salah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya jahe (Zingiber officinale<br />L.) adalah masih rendahnya produktivitas dan mutu jahe, yang antara lain<br />disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan tanaman/benih yang masih asalan/<br />kurang memenuhi persyaratan. Usaha untuk penyediaan benih yang<br />bermutu di antaranya dapat dilakukan dengan penanaman di daerah yang<br />tepat serta menyimpan benih dengan cara yang baik dan benar. Sampai<br />saat ini informasi mengenai mutu benih jahe dari lokasi produksi<br />(ketinggian tempat, jenis lahan dan jenis tanah) yang berbeda masih<br />terbatas. Oleh karena itu, percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk<br />mempelajari mutu fisik dan fisiologik benih jahe dari lokasi produksi<br />yang berbeda selama periode penyimpanan. Percobaan dilakukan di daerah<br />sentra produksi jahe di Dusun Cipanas, Desa Werasari, Kecamatan<br />Bantarujek, Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat dari bulan Juli sampai<br />November 2003, dengan menggunakan tiga jenis jahe yaitu: Jahe Putih<br />Besar/JPB (Z. officinale var. officinale), Jahe Putih Kecil /JPK (Z.<br />officinale var. amarum), dan Jahe Merah/JM (Z. officinale var. rubrum).<br />Untuk masing-masing jenis jahe diperlakukan dengan kombinasi lokasi<br />produksi dan lama penyimpanan. Untuk masing-masing jenis jahe<br />percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (RPT) dengan tiga<br />ulangan. Petak utama yaitu asal lokasi produksi benih: (1) Cipanas<br />lingkungan tumbuh dengan tinggi tempat ± 600 m dpl, lahan sawah tadah<br />hujan, tekstur tanah liat berpasir, kemiringan 0-10% dan (2). Cipicung<br />lingkungan tumbuh dengan tinggi tempat ± 800 m dpl, lahan tegalan,<br />tekstur tanah debu berpasir, kemiringan 10-20%. Anak petak yaitu periode<br />penyimpanan : 0, 1, 2, dan 3 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar<br />air benih, penyusutan bobot benih dan daya tumbuh benih. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk masing-masing jenis jahe (JPB,<br />JPK, dan JM) yang berasal dari Cipanas maupun Cipicung, mempunyai<br />mutu fisik (kadar air dan penyusutan bobot rimpang) tidak nyata<br />dipengaruhi oleh interaksi lokasi produksi dan lama penyimpanan, serta<br />faktor tunggal lokasi produksi, tetapi nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktor<br />tunggal lama penyimpanan Setelah tiga bulan penyimpanan kadar air<br />benih rimpang dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung untuk JPB masih<br />82,43% dan 80,67%, JPK kadar airnya masih 84,16% dan 81,31%, dan<br />JM 69,49% dan 65,88%. Penyusutan bobot rimpang untuk masing-masing<br />jenis jahe dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung sebagai berikut : JPB<br />14,44% dan 14,82% ; JPK 17,84% dan 26,11% ; JM 48,40% dan 37 14%.<br />Daya tumbuh benih setelah 3 bulan penyimpanan untuk masing-masing<br />jenis jahe dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung sebagai berikut : JPB<br />92,00- 93,32%, JPK 85,33- 86,67% dan JM 86,67-89,33%. Kadar air<br />benih/rimpang jahe menurun, sedangkan penyusutan bobot rimpang<br />meningkat sejalan dengan lamanya penyimpanan. JPB, JPK dan JM yang<br />berasal dari Cipanas maupun Cipicung dapat disimpan selama tiga bulan,<br />tanpa mengalami penurunan mutu fisik dan fisiologik yang berarti.<br />Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale, lokasi produksi benih, lama<br />penyimpanan, mutu benih<br />ABSTRACT<br />Production effect of locations and storage periods on<br />ginger seeds quality<br />Problems of ginger cultivation are low productivity and quality of<br />ginger due to low quality of ginger seed for planting materials. High<br />quality of ginger seed will be achieved by planting ginger seed in suitable<br />place and methods. Recently, the information concerning the quality of<br />ginger seed from different production location (altitude, soil types and<br />area) is still limited. Based on the problems, this experiment was<br />conducted with special aim to study the physical and physiological quality<br />of ginger seed from different sources of seed during storage periods. The<br />experiment was conducted at the producer center i.e. of ginger, Cipanas,<br />Werasari Village, Sub District Bantarujek, District Majalengka, from July<br />to November, 2003. The experiment used three kinds of ginger namely<br />was white big ginger (Z. officinale var. officinale), small white ginger (Z.<br />officinale var. amarum) and red ginger (Z. officinale var. rubrum). The<br />experiment was arranged in split-plot design with 3 replications. The main<br />factor was two productions location, there were: ginger seed produced in<br />Cipanas (altitude ± 600m above sea level, rain fed area, clay sandy, and<br />slope 0-10%) and ginger seed produce in Cipicung (altitude ± 800m above<br />sea level, upland area, clay sandy, and slope 10 -20%). The sub plot were<br />0, 1, 2 and 3 month periods of storage. Variables were observed include<br />moisture content, weight and germination percentage of ginger<br />seed/rhizome after three months storage. The results of experiment<br />indicated that for each kind of ginger (white big ginger, white small ginger<br />and red ginger) physical quality (moisture content of seeds and loosing<br />weight of seed) had no significant interaction between location production<br />and period of storage or single factor of location production. However,<br />they were significantly effected by single factor periods of storage. After 3<br />months storage, the moisture content of white big ginger produced from<br />Cipanas were 82,43% and 80,67%. For white small ginger the moisture<br />contend were 84,16% and 81,31%, especially white small ginger produced<br />from Cipanas and Cipicung. While the moisture content of red ginger seed<br />produced from Cipanas and Cipicung were 69,47% and 63,88%. Weight<br />decrease for each kinds of ginger produced from Cipanas and Cipicung<br />were as follows white big ginger 14,44% and 14,82%, white small ginger<br />17,84% and 26,11%, red ginger 48,40% and 37,14%. After 3 months<br />storage the germination percentage for each kind of ginger produced from<br />Cipanas and Cipicung were as follows white big ginger 92,00% and<br />93,32%, white small ginger 86,67% and 83,33% and red ginger 89,33%<br />and 86,67%.<br />Key words : Zingiber officinale, location of seed production, storage<br />periods, seed quality
<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman herbatahunan dari famili Apiaceae, yang hidup secara endemik pada habitatdengan ketinggian 1.800 - 3.000 m dari muka laut, dan pada saat initergolong tanaman langka. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangantanaman ini adalah viabilitas benih saat masak fisiologis rendah (<25%).Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah dilakukan percobaan yang bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat konsentrasi GA 3 dan lama imbibisi yang tepat untukmeningkatkan viabilitas potensial dan vigor benih purwoceng. Percobaandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai bulan November sampai denganDesember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertamaadalah enam taraf pemberian GA 3 , yaitu: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500ppm. Faktor kedua yang diuji dua taraf lama imbibisi benih yaitu: 24 dan48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemberian GA 3 400 ppmdengan lama imbibisi 48 jam dapat meningkatkan daya berkecambah,potensi tumbuh maksimum, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan perkecambahanbenih purwoceng menjadi 1,5 - 2 kali dibandingkan tanpa pemberian GA 3.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, benih, GA 3 , imbibisi, konsentrasi</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of GA 3 Concentration and Imbibition Period onSeed Viability of Pruatjan</p><p>Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. is an annual herbaceous plant andbelongs to the family of the Apiaceae. It lives in endemic with an altitudeof 1,800-3,000 m above sea level and has been currently classified as rareplant. One of the problems in the development of this crop is low in seedviability (<25%) when it is physiologically mature. Based on the problem,an experiment was conducted aiming to find out the level of GA 3concentration and imbibition period to increase seed viability and vigourof P. pruatjan. The experiment was conducted at Gunung PutriExperimental Station and Plant Physiology Laboratory of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI), fromNovember to December 2009. The experiment was arranged usingcompletely randomized design (CRD), with 2 factors and three replicates.The first factor was level of GA 3 concentration : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and500 ppm. The second factor was seed imbibition period : 24 and 48 hours.Results of the experiment showed that: GA 3 400 ppm with imbibitionperiod of 48 hours improved seed germination, maximum growthpotential, vigor index, and rate of germination of purwoceng seed to 1.5- 2 times compared to without GA 3 treatment.</p><p>Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, seed , GA 3 , imbibition, concentration</p>
ABSTRAK<br />Rata-rata produksi jambu mete Indonesia masih rendah (350 kg<br />gelondong/ha/tahun), dibandingkan dengan India dan Brazil (800 – 1000<br />kg gelondong/ha/tahun). Hal itu antara lain disebabkan oleh teknik<br />budidaya yang masih tradisional, rendahnya mutu bibit, dan kurang ter-<br />sedianya pohon induk sebagai sumber benih. Berdasarkan permasalahan<br />tersebut, telah dilakukan percobaan penyambungan 1 varietas dan 3 nomor<br />harapan jambu mete. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan bibit hasil<br />sambungan bermutu tinggi, sebagai dasar pendirian kebun benih jambu<br />mete. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Jawa Tengah,<br />bulan Januari - Desember tahun 2001. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan<br />petak terbagi (RPT) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah 4 jenis batang<br />atas yaitu: Gunung Gangsir 1, Gunung Gangsir 2, Muktiharjo 1 dan<br />Muktiharjo 2. Anak petak adalah empat jenis batang bawah yaitu: Gunung<br />Gangsir 1, Gunung Gangsir 2, Muktiharjo 1 dan Muktiharjo 2. Parameter<br />yang diamati adalah keberhasilan penyambungan pada fase pembibitan,<br />data pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter<br />kanopi, jumlah cabang primer, sekunder dan tersier). Hasil percobaan<br />menunjukkan bahwa penyambungan batang bawah Muktiharjo 1 dengan<br />batang atas Muktiharjo 1 dan Muktiharjo 2, menghasilkan persentase<br />keberhasilan penyambungan tertinggi (50%). Penyambungan dengan<br />Gunung Gangsir 1 sebagai batang bawah dan Muktiharjo 1 dan<br />Muktiharjo 2 sebagai batang atas, keberhasilan penyambungannya paling<br />rendah (38,89%). Tidak ada interaksi antara batang atas dan batang<br />bawah terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Batang atas berpengaruh nyata<br />terhadap jumlah daun, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman,<br />diameter batang, dan lebar kanopi. Penyambungan Gunung Gangsir 1 dan<br />Muktiharjo 2 sebagai batang atas, menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman<br />yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan batang atas Gunung Gangsir 2 dan<br />Muktiharjo 1. Penyambungan Gunung Gangsir 1, Gunung Gangsir 2, dan<br />Muktiharjo 1 sebagai batang bawah menghasilkan diameter batang dan<br />tinggi tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan Muktiharjo 2. Setelah tanaman<br />mencapai umur 3 tahun, batang atas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertum-<br />buhan tanaman, sedangkan batang bawah memberikan pengaruh terhadap<br />pertumbuhan tanaman. Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik diperoleh pada<br />tanaman dengan batang bawah Gunung Gangsir 1.<br />Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., klon, penyam-<br />bungan, batang bawah, batang atas, pertumbuhan, Jawa<br />Tengah<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of scion and root stock on successful grafting of<br />cashew plant<br />Cashew nut production of Indonesia is lower (350 kg/ha/year)<br />compared to India and Brazil (800 and 1000 kg/ha/year). There are many<br />factors causing low production of cashew in Indonesia such as low<br />cultivation technology, poor quality of seedlings and insufficient of mother<br />plants. The purpose of the research was to find out good quality seedlings<br />from grafting as a basic to establish cashew mother plants gardens. The<br />experiment was conducted in Muktiharjo Experimental Garden, Central<br />Java, in 2001. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design with 3<br />replications. The main plot was 4 kinds of scions namely Gunung Gangsir<br />1, Gunung Gangsir 2, Muktiharjo1 and Muktiharjo 2. The sub plot was 4<br />kinds of root stocks the same as the scions. Variables observed were<br />successful grafting at nursery phase and plant growth such as height of<br />plants, diameter of trunk, diameter of canopy, and number of primer,<br />secondary and tertiary branches. The results of experiment showed that<br />grafting by using clone Muktiharjo 1 as root stock, and Muktiharjo 1 and<br />Muktiharjo 2 as scions produced the highest percentage of successful<br />grafting (50%). Grafting by using Gunung Gangsir 1 as root stock and,<br />Muktiharjo 1 and Muktiharjo 2 as scions produced the lowest percentage<br />of successful grafting (38.89%). There were no significant interactions<br />between root stock and scion on the growth of cashew plant. Scion had<br />significant effect on the number of leaves, but, it did not have significant<br />effect on the plant height, diameters of trunk and diameters of canopy.<br />Grafting by using Gunung Gangsir 1 and Muktiharjo 2 as scions produced<br />better plant growth compared to those of Gunung Gangsir 2 and<br />Muktiharjo 1 as scions. Grafting by using Gunung Gangsir 1, Gunung<br />Gangsir 2 and Muktiharjo 1 as root stocks produced diameter of trunk and<br />height of plants better than that of Muktiharjo 2 as rootstock. At 3 years<br />old after planting, scions did not significantly affect the plant growth<br />neither did their interaction. While rootstock significantly affected the<br />growth of cashew plant. As a rootstock, Gunung Gangsir 1, produced the<br />best cashew plant growth compared to other clones.<br />Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L, clones, grafting,<br />rootstock, scion, growth, Central Java
ABSTRAK<br />Dalam upaya pengembangan nilam (Pogostemon cablin) di daerah<br />yang jaraknya jauh dari kebun induk, pengadaan benih nilam yang berkua-<br />litas menjadi masalah yang serius, karena bibit akan cepat mengalami<br />penurunan kualitas selama transportasi. Untuk itu dilaksanakan penelitian<br />yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama simpan setek berakar<br />nilam terhadap pertumbuhan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dari bulan April –<br />Agustus 2004. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (RPT)<br />dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama (main plot) adalah 2 jenis setek nilam<br />yaitu: (1) setek berdaun dan (2) setek tidak berdaun. Anak petak (sub plot)<br />adalah lama penyimpanan setek yaitu: (1) setek langsung ditanam<br />(kontrol), (2) setek disimpan 1 hari, (3) setek disimpan 3 hari, (4)setek<br />disimpan 5 hari dan, (5) setek disimpan 7 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan<br />sejak tanaman berumur 2 minggu sampai tanaman berumur 8 minggu.<br />Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, jumlah<br />daun dan jumlah tunas), bobot kering (batang, daun, akar). Hasil perco-<br />baan menunjukkan bahwa persentase hidup setek nilam berakar (setek<br />berdaun dan setek tidak berdaun) masih 100% setelah disimpan selama 7<br />hari. Hampir dari seluruh parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah<br />cabang, jumlah daun) yang diamati menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan<br />bibit setek berdaun lebih baik dibandingkan dengan setek yang tidak<br />berdaun.<br />Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, bibit, setek berakar,<br />penyimpanan, pertumbuhan, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of storage periods of rooted cutting on the growth<br />of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)<br />Providing high quality of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)<br />seedlings is necessary to support the development of patchouli plants. In<br />the new developing area transportation become serious problems (high<br />cost transportation), therefore some alternative solution is reducing the<br />transportation cost without reducing the quality of the seedlings. Base on<br />the problems, this experiment was conducted. The objective of this<br />experiment was to study the effect of storage periods of rooted cuttings on<br />the growth of patchouli plant. The experiment was conducted in the green<br />house of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute<br />(ISMECRI), from April to August 2004. The experiment was arranged in<br />a split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot was 2 kinds of cutting<br />there were: (1) leaf cutting and (2) non leaf cutting. The sub plot was 5<br />different storage periods, there were: (1) control (no storage), (2)1 day<br />storage, (3) 3 day storage, (4) 5 day storage, (5) 7 day storage. The<br />variables observed were plant growth (plant height, number of leaves and<br />number of shoots), dry weight of stems, leaves and roots. The results of<br />experiment indicated that after 7 day storage, rooted cuttings of patchouli<br />were still 100% viable. The growth of patchouli from leaf cutting was<br />significantly different from non leaf cutting. Patchouli plant from leaf<br />cutting produced higher plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots<br />and dry weight of plants compared to those of patchouli plants from non<br />leaf cuttings. Storage period significantly affected the height of plants<br />however it did not significantly affected the number of leaves, number of<br />shoots and dry weight of plants.<br />Key words: Pacthouli, Pogostemon cablin, seedlings, rooted cutting,<br />storage, growth, West JavE
<p>Ketersediaan air pada fasc pembibitan, merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas dalam pertumbuhan bibit jambu mente. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan nomor harapan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale I..) yang toleran terhadap cekaman air, khususnya pada fase pembibitan Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, dari bulan Mei-Agustus 2001. Rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah empat nomor harapan jambu mente yaitu : F2-8, III 4/2, P 293 dan B 02, dan sebagai faktor kedua adalah enam tingkat cekaman air yaitu : 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% 70% dan 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) Parameter yang diamati meliputi: pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun), bobot kering bibit (batang, daun dan akar), seta analisis kandungan prolin bebas. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intcraksi nomor harapan dengan perlakuan cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap kandungan prolin bebas. Kandungan prolin bebas tertinggi terdapat pada nomor B 0-2 pada cekaman air 50% KL, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan F2-8, sedangkan kandungan prolin terendah didapatkan pada nomor III 4/2 dengan cekaman air 75% KL. Faktor tunggal nomor harapan berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit dan bobot keing bibit jambu mente. Dari empat nomor harapan yang diuji didapatkan bahwa nomor F2-8 mempunyai pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling tinggi dibandingkan nomor lainnya, sedangkan nomor B 0-2 mempunyai petumbuhan bibit (tinggi dan jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling rendah. Faktor tunggal tingkat cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibit. Dai enam tingkat cekaman air didapatkan bahwa sampai cekaman air 70% KL pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun) tidak berbeda nyata, akan tetapi pada cekaman air 65% KL pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibil berbeda nyata Berdasarkan petumbuhan bibit dan kandungan prolin bebas, dapat dikemukakan bahwa nomor F2-8. lebih toleran terhadap cekaman air dibandingkan dengan nomor lainnya.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, cekaman air, petumbuhan, fase bibit</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of water stress on the growth offour cashew line seedlings </strong></p><p>Water shortage during the seedling growth stage cashew is one of the limiting factors. Water available, has impotance rule on the growth of cashew seedling Anacardium occidentale L., especially when cashew is cultivated in the dry climate regions. Therefore, the evaluation of some promising lines to water stress was conducted. The main goal of this study was to ind out the promising cashew lines which tolerant to water stress: especially at seedling stages. The experiment was conducted in the green house of the Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology, and the laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from Mei to Agustus 2001. Factorial expeiment with two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). The irst factor consisted of four promising lines, F2-8, III 4/2, P293 and B 0-2 The second factor was six levels of water stress (50% 55%, 60% 65% 70% and 75%) ield capacity (FC). Data observation included the growth of seedling (height of seedling, number of leaves, leaf area/plant), dry weight (seedling) and content of free proline. The results of the experiment indicated that interaction between promising lines and water stress significantly affected the proline content. The highest proline content was found on number B0-2 at 50 % FC, however, it was not signiicantly different from number F2-8, while the lowest proline content was found on number III4/2 at 75 % FC. The ree proline content was also increase as water available decrease. Single factor, promising lines and water stress were significantly affected to the growth of seedling. F 2-8 and III4/2 produced better on growth and dry weight of seedling Up to70% ield capacity (FC) the growth of seeding was obviously normal and did not signiicantly different among promising lines, however, bellow 65 % (FC) growth of seedling was significantly affected by water available. Base on the growth of seedling and proline content indicated that F2-8 were more tolerance to water stress compared to others lines.</p><p>Keywords: Anacardium occidentale.L water stress, growth, seedling stage</p>
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