Indonesia has long been known as one of the world major producers of black pepper. Bangka Belitung and Lampung provinces are the main black pepper production regions in Indonesia. In addition, West Java is also one of the pepper-producing regions. This research aims at observing the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of a local variety that has been grown in West Java. The observations were carried out in three agro ecological conditions Sukabumi, Purwakarta and Ciamis districts during two harvesting season at the age of 4 and 5 years on 5 plants/plot, repeated four times. For comparison, Petaling1 has been used but only in Purwakarta. The results showed that pepper Ciinten variety has broad-leaved, long spike, high number of fruits per spike, also big the size of berries. The production of green berries per vine 4.30 kg/tree, with levels of the essential oil, oleoresin and piperine are 2.79%, 12.71% and 4.73% respectively (white pepper), 2.74%, 15.98% and 4.34% respectively (black pepper). The percentage of fruit set is also high. To get the same unit of weight on Ciinten variety requires the number of spikes harvested 1/3 times (66) of Petaling 1 (189 spikes), making this variety more efficient in harvesting costs.

<p>Purwoceng was a commercial medicinal plant that could be used as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and body fit enhancer. The plant was indigenous of Indonesia that grew endemically at Dieng Plateau in Central Java, Pangrango Mountain in West Java, and mountaineos area in East Java. Recently the population was getting rare because of high genetic erosion. Based on the erosion level, the purwoceng was categorized as endangered species. In order to prevent from extinction, the conservation has to be done. The efforts of conservation could be conducted together with the efforts of its utilization optimally and sustainably. So far there were not many researches on purwoceng. Several aspects that had been reported were on agronomy, in vitro culture, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. However, the results of those researches had not been optimal and satisfying. Breeding research had not even been reported. This condition opened large opportunities for researchers to develop the researches that had been conducted to obtain the new technology. The supported technologies and the completed information would enhance the development of this commodity especially at industrial scale.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong></strong>digunakan sebagai afrodisiak, diuretic, dan tonik. Tanaman tersebut adalah tumbuhan asli Indonesia yang tumbuh secara endemik di dataran tinggi Dieng Jawa Tengah, Gunung Pangrango Jawa Barat, dan area pegunungan di Jawa Timur. Dewasa ini, populasinya sangat jarang yang disebabkan oleh erosi genetik secara besar-besaran. Berdasarkan tingkat erosinya, purwoceng dikategorikan sebagai spesies yang hampir punah. Untuk menghindari kepunahan, tindakan konservasi harus dikelola dengan baik. Upaya pelestarian sebaiknya dilakukan secara bersama dengan upaya pemanfaatannya secara optimal dan berkelanjutan. Hingga saat ini tidak banyak laporan penelitian tentang purwoceng. Beberapa aspek yang sudah dilaporkan adalah aspek agronomi, kultur in vitro, fitokimia, dan farmakologi. Namun demikian, hasil penelitian tersebut belum memuaskan. Penelitian pemuliaan bahkan belum pernah dilaporkan. Kondisi demikian membuka peluang bagi pengembangan penelitian yang sudah pernah dilakukan hingga diperoleh teknologi yang mantap. Teknologi yang mendukung dan informasi yang lengkap diharapkan akan meningkatkan pengembangan komoditas tersebut, terutama dalam skala industri.</p>

ABSTRAKRumput kebar belum banyak dikenal orang, tetapi di Papua secara empiris digunakan sebagai penyubur kandungan. Senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai obat maupun penyubur termasuk golongan steroid, saponin dan flavonoid. Bahan aktif merupakan metabolit sekunder, kandungannya bervariasi tergantung lingkungan tumbuh, waktu panen dan proses pengolahan. Tujuan penelitian adalah identifikasi mutu aksesi rumput kebar asal Papua, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah untuk menghasilkan simplisia yang berkualitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada tahun 2011. Bahan baku menggunakan rumput kebar asal Papua, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Bagian tanaman yang diidentifikasi adalah secara keseluruhan. Rumput kebar dicuci bersih, ditiriskan, dikeringkan kemudian digiling. Serbuk yang diperoleh dianalisis mutunya dengan parameter meliputi : karakteristik mutu, skrining fitokimia, senyawa aktif, unsur mineral dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, rumput kebar asal Papua, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah mengandung kadar sari air lebih besar dibandingkan kadar sari alkohol. Jumlah kadar sari air berkisar antara 11,57-11,73% dan kadar sari alkohol 10,29-10,55%. Rumput kebar mengandung senyawa kimia golongan alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid dan glikosida. Jumlah senyawa kimia yang terdeteksi pada aksesi rumput kebar asal Papua adalah sebanyak 15 komponen dan dari Jawa 14 komponen. Kadar unsur mineral rumput kebar meningkat sebesar 0,00-51,15% setelah difermentasi. Rumput kebar asal Papua memiliki daya aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Jawa Barat maupun Jawa Tengah. Nilai IC 50 (konsentrasi penghambatan 50%) asal Papua 27,74 ppm, Jawa Barat 45,93 ppm dan Jawa Tengah 38,13 ppm.Kata kunci: Biophytum petersianum, mutu simplisia, aksesi, komponen kimia, antioksidan (0,00-51,15%). Based on antioxidant activity, kebar grass of Papua was higher than West Java and Central Java were 27.74, 45.93 and 38.13 ppm respectively. ABSTRACT The plant of kebar grass is not known yet, but in Papua it is used as fertility medicine. The active ingredient of

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman herbatahunan dari famili Apiaceae, yang hidup secara endemik pada habitatdengan ketinggian 1.800 - 3.000 m dari muka laut, dan pada saat initergolong tanaman langka. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangantanaman ini adalah viabilitas benih saat masak fisiologis rendah (&lt;25%).Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah dilakukan percobaan yang bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat konsentrasi GA 3 dan lama imbibisi yang tepat untukmeningkatkan viabilitas potensial dan vigor benih purwoceng. Percobaandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai bulan November sampai denganDesember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertamaadalah enam taraf pemberian GA 3 , yaitu: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500ppm. Faktor kedua yang diuji dua taraf lama imbibisi benih yaitu: 24 dan48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemberian GA 3 400 ppmdengan lama imbibisi 48 jam dapat meningkatkan daya berkecambah,potensi tumbuh maksimum, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan perkecambahanbenih purwoceng menjadi 1,5 - 2 kali dibandingkan tanpa pemberian GA 3.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, benih, GA 3 , imbibisi, konsentrasi</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of GA 3 Concentration and Imbibition Period onSeed Viability of Pruatjan</p><p>Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. is an annual herbaceous plant andbelongs to the family of the Apiaceae. It lives in endemic with an altitudeof 1,800-3,000 m above sea level and has been currently classified as rareplant. One of the problems in the development of this crop is low in seedviability (&lt;25%) when it is physiologically mature. Based on the problem,an experiment was conducted aiming to find out the level of GA 3concentration and imbibition period to increase seed viability and vigourof P. pruatjan. The experiment was conducted at Gunung PutriExperimental Station and Plant Physiology Laboratory of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI), fromNovember to December 2009. The experiment was arranged usingcompletely randomized design (CRD), with 2 factors and three replicates.The first factor was level of GA 3 concentration : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and500 ppm. The second factor was seed imbibition period : 24 and 48 hours.Results of the experiment showed that: GA 3 400 ppm with imbibitionperiod of 48 hours improved seed germination, maximum growthpotential, vigor index, and rate of germination of purwoceng seed to 1.5- 2 times compared to without GA 3 treatment.</p><p>Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, seed , GA 3 , imbibition, concentration</p>

<p><strong>Morphological and physiological characteristics of Vinca at di fferent water stress levels</strong></p><p>Vinca (Vinca rosea L.) is one of the important medicinal crops as the sources of raw materials for traditional medicines. Its alkaloid is believed can reduce the risk of cancer, blood tension and diabetes diseases. Recently, vinca is only grown as ornamental plant in the garden, therefore, its cultivation methods is limited, especially its water stress tolerance, lite purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of water stess on the morphological and physiological characteristics of vinca. A pot experiment was conducted in the plastics house of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from November 1997 to March 1998. Factorial experiment consisted two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized block design. Ihe irst factor consisted of two vinca varieties, those wee white flowers (WFV) and red flowers of vinca (RFV). While 4 different levels of water stress i.e., (I) 100% ield capacity (FC), (2) 80% FC, (3) 60% FC, and (4) 40% FC were used as the second factor. Parameters used for evaluating the effect of teatment consisted of morphological characteristics such as (I) plant height, (2) number of primary branches, (3) number of leaves, (4) leaf area (5) dry weight of stem, (6) dry weight of leaf, (7) dry weight of flowers and (8) dry weight of roots, and physiological characteristics observed including: (I) percentages of opened stomata and (2) free proline content of leaf. Results showed that interaction between varieties and water stress did not significantly affect the morphological nor physiological characteristics. Varieties significantly affected the morphological characteristics (except plant height), however they did not signiicantly affect physiological characteristics. Water stress significantly affected the morphological (except dry weight of roots) and free proline contents. Under 80% FC, vinca produced the highest growth and dry weight of plant however, the plant growth and dry weight wee inhibited under 60 and 40% FC. Under 40% FC, percentages of opened stomata deceased signiicantly. Moeover, proline content in the leaves signiicantly increased by water stess treatments.</p>