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BackgroundAnterior crowding/ spacing are one of the major problems that inspire patients to undergo orthodontic treatment. Several factors associated with anterior crowding/ spacing includes arch width and length, mesio-distal tooth diameter and proportions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of maxillary and mandibular base lengths to the amount of anterior dental crowding/ spacing in patients with complete class II malocclusions.Material and MethodsA retrospective study was done with 152 patients who were divided into four groups according to the severity of pre-treatment dental crowding/spacing present in the mandibular arch. Measurements were performed on the pre-treatment dental casts and lateral cephalograms. Statistical analysis was done using t-test and chi-square test.ResultsSubjects with complete class II malocclusion and moderate to severe mandibular crowding [≥3mm] have significantly smaller base lengths as compared to the subjects with slight crowding or spacing [<3mm].ConclusionsThere exists an inverse correlation between maxillary and mandibular base lengths and the severity of dental crowding and direct correlation with spacing. Key words:Apical base lengths, Class II malocclusion, Crowding, Incisor inclination, Spacing.

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer has predicted that India's incidence of cancer will increase from 1 million in 2012 to more than 1.7 million in 2035. Lack of knowledge about oral cancer among general dental practitioners leads to delay in the diagnosis and treatment of such lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge of prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer among dental undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted. A total of 139 undergraduate students who received teaching on oral diseases including oral cancer in their clinical postings in the department of oral medicine and radiology were included in the study. All the students were subjected to evaluation using structured questionnaires with multiple choices. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18. Chi-square test was done to evaluate the statistical significance. Results: The present study showed that the participants had average awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and its clinical presentations. The awareness and knowledge toward oral cancer protocols revealed a decreasing trend from final-year students to 3 rd -year and interns. Nearly 66.2% of the undergraduates felt less well informed regarding oral cancer. All the undergraduates (100%) requested further information about oral cancer. Conclusion: The present study concluded that knowledge and awareness of undergraduate dental students with respect to early detection and prevention of oral cancer was satisfactory. It is recommended that the syllabus of dental courses should be expanded to provide knowledge regarding the prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer.

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