COVID-19 pandemic forced the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia to make several adjustments to the courts system of all in Indonesia, one of which was the adjustment of criminal procedural law in criminal trial proceedings. Some regulations were made related to the criminal trial proceedings in Indonesia to adjust to government policies that limit physical interaction between people. However, those regulations made by the Supreme Court also comes with challenges and problems in its implementation. This research was made using the normative legal research method, in purpose to find the changes made in the criminal trial proceedings in Indonesia due to the COVID-19 pandemic and also the challenges and problems encountered in its implementation. Through this research, several things that should be addressed for the change in the criminal trial proceedings amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia will not only accommodate the principle of expediency, but also the principles of justice and legal certainty .

After Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation has been enacted, there are several changes regarding the provisions related to fixed-term employment agreements previously regulated in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Law No. 11 of 2020 experienced rejection from many workers because there were several changes to the provisions regarding fixed-term employment agreements which were feared to cause problems in its implementation. One of them is related to changes in the provisions regarding the period of time for a fixed-term employment agreement which is determined by the employment agreement itself and is not limited by law. This research uses normative legal research methods. The results of the analysis show that there have been several changes related to the regulations regarding fixed-term employment agreements in Law No. 11 of 2020 and with these changes, there are still some problems and legal voids in several provisions, thus the government should issue government regulations and/or other implementing regulations deemed necessary to address these problems.Keywords: employment agreement; fixed-term employment agreement; job creation lawAbstrakSetelah diundangkannya Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, terdapat beberapa perubahan mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan terkait perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu yang sebelumnya diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja kemudian mengalami penolakan dari banyak pekerja karena terdapat beberapa perubahan ketentuan mengenai perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu yang dikhawatirkan akan menimbulkan permasalahan dalam implementasinya. Salah satunya adalah terkait perubahan ketentuan tentang jangka waktu untuk dapat dilakukan perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu yang lamanya ditentukan oleh perjanjian kerja dan tidak diatur mengenai batas maksimalnya dalam undang-undang. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil dari analisa menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa perubahan terkait aturan-aturan mengenai perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu dalam Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan terhadap perubahan-perubahan tersebut masih ditemukan beberapa permasalahan serta kekosongan hukum pada beberapa ketentuan, sehingga pemerintah patut menerbitkan peraturan pemerintah dan/atau peraturan pelaksana lainnya yang dianggap perlu untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut.

The existence of the internet has a positive impact and has a negative impact, one of which is the rampant hate speech that is spread through social media. The government then issued Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016, which regulates the criminalisation of hate speech conducted via electronic media. Nonetheless, even though there have been criminal threats against acts of hate speech through cyberspace, the number of cases of hate speech handled by the police has increased in years. The research aims to discover social changes' influence in the criminalisation of hate speech through electronic media. Moreover, the research investigates the criminalisation of hate speech's effectiveness through electronic media to tackle the rise of hate speech in cyberspace. This research uses the normative legal research method. The research explains that social changes related to sharing information via electronic media have an impact on applicable law in Indonesia with regulations regarding hate speech through electronic media. However, since the enactment of this regulation, hate speech acts through electronic media has increased. Therefore, the criminalisation policy must pay attention to the principle of subsidiarity. Criminal law must be the last resort in overcoming crimes using a penal instrument. Other efforts needed that should be prioritised apart from punishing the perpetrators of criminal acts.

Digital evidence is not included in the types of evidence as stipulated in Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, but is regulated in Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016. However, it is often found that the submission of digital evidence is not only for criminal cases related to electronic information and transactions, but also for criminal cases that are not regulated in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. Furthermore, distinct characteristics of digital evidence compared to evidence in general require different acquisition and presentation method. Hence the writers intends to examine the method of acquisition and presentation of digital evidence in criminal trial and how judges evaluate digital evidence by examining how it was obtained and presented to the trial. This research is normative legal research, where the data sources include research on legal principles, legal system, and legal comparison. From the research, it was concluded that Indonesia already has laws and regulations governing the expansion of evidence to include digital evidence, Indonesia also has rules regarding the method of acquisition and presentation of digital evidence in the criminal trial. Therefore, judges are required to be able to evaluate the validity of digital evidence by observing the method of acquisition and presentation of digital evidence in the criminal trial based on applicable laws.