Cybercrime is a serious crime in the era of globalization. This crime employs sophisticated technology and anonymity. It is fast, crosses states’ borders, and has a wide impact. Cybercrime causes both material and immaterial losses. It even threatens world peace and security. The legal issue in this research is to discuss the international response to cybercrime, the substance of the Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23.XI.2001, and Indonesia's position in the Convention on Cybercrime. The international response to cybercrime is done by holding international meetings at the United Nations Congress to discuss efforts to prevent cybercrime. Convention on Cybercrime, is the first provision for regulating cybercrime. The substance of the Convention on Cybercrime consists of material criminal law, procedural law, corporate responsibility, international cooperation and so on. Indonesia's position in the Indonesia Convention on Cybercrime is not to ratify the Convention on Cybercrime, but adopts the provisions of the Convention on Cybercrime on the Law Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions and the Law Number 19 of 2016 on the Amendment of the Law Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions. The criminal acts provided for in the Information and Electronic Transaction Law in Indonesia are wider than those stipulated in the Convention on Cybercrime.
Sex massage therapy is a new form of prostitution and it becomes one of the commodities in the sex tourism. Sexual service activities carried out under the guise of massage therapies at spa. This condition will disturb security and order. Prostitution is not just a legal issue, but also a moral issue. Sex massage therapy at spa becomes a form of covert prostitution. Activities sexual services are made as if as a medical therapy by taking refuge in the legal business. Unfortunately, this fake spa is untouched by the law. Lack of law enforcement because many women who want to work as a sex therapist and men who want sex services, while according to Article 296 and 506 of the Penal Code they can not be punished. Weak supervision of law enforcement, government and society also become a factor. Even those are that actually provide protection against the illegal businesses. Efforts to tackle sex massage can be done through penal policy (law enforcement) and non-penal policy, namely by increasing the level of economy and education.
The endeavors to preserve the forest in Bali cannot be isolated from the existence of local wisdom. Customary law, as a decision of Hindu religious leaders in Bali, is one of the local wisdoms which has been maintained by the society. This study examined the values of local wisdom held by indigenous people and reviewed the preservation of forests from a Hindu perspective. This research was conducted in three villages in Bali, namely Tenganan Village, Manggis Sari Village, and Sangeh Village. The residents of these villages believed that forest is a sacred area which must be maintained and preserved properly.
The problem of blaming victims is related to the strong traditions and culture of the community that still perpetuate gender stereotypes. This study aims to examine the implications of patriarchal culture on the position of women as subordinates, the concept of blaming the victim against the women victims of sexual violence and human rights studies on victim blaming and labeling for women victims of sexual violence. The culture of gender injustice in the society makes women often get negative labels, in which the women who look beautiful and dress up using rather tight and sexy clothes are always considered as inviting the opposite sex to commit sexual harassment. This is then always used and associated with labeling of victims of sexual harrasment in which the society tends to blame victims of sexual harrasment or victim blaming. This type of research is a normative juridical research that is prescriptively providing solutions to the legal protection for victims related to victim blaming and labeling women as victims of sexual violence in the view of human rights that difinitely violates the constitution and law.
The Act Number 19 of 2016 concerning the amendment of The Act Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transaction governing the authority of government in clearing hateful and hostilities electronic information based on tribe, religion, race and intergroup. On the one hand, the government authority aims to protect the public interest and the integrity of the nation, but on the other hand, termination of access to information would restrict the right to freedom of opinion and the right to privacy of Internet users. This study was a normative legal research, which examined the basic authority for the government to shut down negative content in cyberspace. Legal materials were collected through library research. The analysis was conducted qualitatively. This study examined three issues, namely; spreading hatred and hostility in cyberspace, legality government to close the spreading hatred and hostility and electronic evidence in spreading hatred and hostility. Spreading hatred and hostility were criminal acts that used the Internet as facilities. Internet was used by extremists to disseminate his teachings, even being used to commit acts of terrorism (cyber terrorism). In maintaining the unity and integrity, then the government had the authority to shut down access to the unlawful electronic system. The closure should be accompanied by proof of electronic information that contains hatred and hostility based on tribe, religion, race and intergroup.
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