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<p>Tuntun angin is one of important floodplain plants in and around Kajuik Lake located in Riau Province, Indonesia. Morphological identification shows that the scientific name of this plant is <em>Elaeocarpus floribundus. </em>The study aimed to confirm the taxonomic status of tuntun angin using <em>matK</em> and nuclear intergenic spacer (ITS) sequences. The methods included fresh leaf DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis, sequencing, and data analysis using BLASTn program and MEGA software version 6.06 programs. The results showed that the <em>matK</em> sequence (519 bp) of tuntun angin had highest similarity to <em>E. floribundus</em> <em>matK</em> sequence that was available in GenBank. It was supported by the high max score (937), low E-value (0.0), high identity value (100%), and high query cover (100%). However, the ITS sequence of tuntun angin did not show similarity to <em>E. floribundus </em>ITS sequence because there was no database of the sequence in GenBank. This study was able to confirm the taxonomic status of tuntun angin as <em>E. floribundus</em> using <em>matK</em> sequence and also showed that morphological and molecular identification techniques were complementary to each other. Moreover, this study enriched the DNA sequence database of <em>E. floribundus </em>in GenBank which will be useful for this species’ molecular identification.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Roslim, D. I., Khumairoh, S. &amp; Herman, H. (2016). Confirmation of Tuntun Angin (<em>Elaeocarpus floribundus</em>) Taxonomic Status Using <em>matK</em> and ITS Sequences. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 393-400. </p>

Abstract. Ernilasari, Walil K, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Zumaidar, Saudah, Rayhannisa. 2021. Antibacterial activity of leaves, flowers, and fruits extract of Etlingera elatior from Nagan Raya District, Indonesia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 22: 4457-4464. Etlingera elatior is a medicinal plant that has been used by people in Indonesia, especially Acehnese people. Based on its secondary metabolites, E. elatior can be used as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative. However, to determine the antibacterial activity of E. elatior, the parts of E. elatior that have been used are leaves, flowers, and fruits. This study was aimed to determine the best concentration of ethanol extract of leaves, flowers, and fruits of E. elatior as an inhibitor against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was made by the maceration method with 70% ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by the diffusion agar method using concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The results showed that the fruit extract of E. elatior has antibacterial activity with an effective inhibitory zone at a concentration of 2% is 8.4 mm (E. coli) and 2.4 mm (S. aureus). Meanwhile, antibacterial activity the extract of leaves and flowers against E. elatior cannot determine yet. Identification of leaves, flowers and fruits extract of E. elatior using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) showed 56 compounds were detected.

Rengas clone Riau has been identified using morphological characters and molecular technique with a psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, however, this method can only determine its taxonomic status at genus level, namely Gluta sp. This study reports application two DNA barcodes, i.e. rps16 intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, to identify Rengas clone Riau. The methods included collection of the leaves from Kajuik Lake, total DNA isolation, electrophoresis, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), gel purification and sequencing. The rps16 intron size was 659 bp and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer was 527 bp. The BLASTn analysis showed that sequences of the rps16 intron and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of Gluta sp clone Riau had 100% similarity to those of G. renghas deposited in GenBank. These results were supported by high max score, high total score, query cover = 100%, and E-value = 0. The dendrograms also showed the closest relationship of Gluta sp clone Riau with G. renghas deposited in GenBank compared to other species of Gluta. In conclusion, this study succeeded in identifying Rengas clone Riau as Gluta renghas by using sequences of the rps16 intron and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer. A combination of DNA barcodes could be applied to identify various plants as long as the database for the DNA barcodes is available in public database such as GenBank.

Pandan (Pandanus sp), Rotan (Calamus sp), and Rengas (Gluta sp) are the three most important plants growing at Kajuik Lake, Langgam, Riau Province, Indonesia; however, their species names have not been identified. This study aimed to identify their species names using nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences. The method employed was DNA isolation from fresh leaves, PCR using primer pairs of ITS region for Pandanus sp and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer for Calamus sp and Gluta sp, electrophoresis, sequencing, and data analysis using BLASTn program and MEGA software version 6.0. Pandanus tectorius was the only one accession that was similar to Pandanus sp with the identity was 90%, however the query cover was too small, only 39%. On the contrary, Calamus sp showed the highest genetic similarity to Calamus travancoricus, but in fact, both were differed morphologically. There was no database of psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequence available for species in Gluta. In conclusion, the species names for those plants still could not be determined. It because they might be the identified plants but their sequences databases were not available in large quantities or they were new species which had never been identified and published in public database.