Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is an important cause of childhood blindness amongst premature babies in developing as well as developed world. Objectives: To report the incidence and risk factors of ROP from a regional institute of Ophthalmology in western India and compare it with the existing scenario. Materials and Methods: This was prospective observational study of babies born at <34 weeks of gestational and/or <1700 grams birth weight between January 2012 and October 2013. Birth related information viz. O 2 administration was recorded in consultation with a neonatologist and babies were evaluated for the presence of ROP. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for any-ROP and severe-ROP requiring treatment. Results: Out of 280 babies screened, any-ROP was seen 54 babies(19.28%) out of which, severe-ROP was found in 28 babies(10.29%).Likelihood of developing any-ROP increased 3 fold (95%CI=1.1 -6.5), and severe-ROP by 7 fold (95%CI=1.6 -27.5), if oxygen therapy as administered. Older gestational age was associated with reduced likelihood of developing severe-ROP (Odds ratio=0.79, 95%CI=0.6 -0.9) but not any-ROP. Twenty four babies (86%) with severe ROP responded well to laser or Bevacizumab therapy while 4 babies developed retinal detachment. Conclusion: This is the first report quoting only incidence and risk factors of ROP from western India. One in 5 babies develop any-ROP similar to that reported across rest of the country. The incidence of severe-ROP requiring treatment appears to be marginally higher, and treatment outcomes in these eyes are similar to that reported in literature.

Background: A study of various ocular & systemic risk factors in Retinal Vein Occulation (RVO) at tertiary eye care centre. Methods: A prospective study included 50 eyes of 50 patients, in period of September 2010 to August 2012. Inclusion criteria: 1. Age >25 years, 2. All newly diagnosed cases of vein occlusion. Exclusion criteria: 1. Age <25 years 2. All other ocular diseases causing significant visual impairment. A detailed history, ophthalmic & systemic examinations with all necessary investigations-as and when required were done. Results: In our study, RVOs were more common in males-26 (52%) & in 56-65 years of age group-16 (32%). BRVO (Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion)s were more common than CRVO (Central Retinal Vein Occlusion)-Nonischemic (26%) >Ischemic (24%). In risk factors-most common was hypertension-in 38 (76%) patients. Followed by descending order, hyperlipidemia 27 (54%) >diabetes mellitus 16 (32%) >tobacco 14 (28%) >hyper homocystinemia 4 (8%) >severe alcohol 2 (4%). The complications were more in ischemic than Nonischemic-CRVO >BRVO-they were macular edema 43 (86%) >neovascularization at iris-14 (28%) >neovascularization at angle-10 (20%) >neovascular glaucoma-4 (8%). Conclusion: RVOs are more common with increasing age, in males & most common risk factor is hypertensive. Most common cause for vision loss is macular edema-ischemic >non-ischemic.

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to determine factors predicting resolution of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after 6 weeks of topical prednisolone and nepafenac application.Methods:Case records of patients with a clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based diagnosis of acute PCME were retrospectively reviewed for best-corrected visual acuity and OCT-based parameters at the time of presentation with PCME. In addition, demographic variables, intraoperative and early postoperative factors, and type of treatment prescribed (tapering vs. nontapering prednisolone, generic vs. branded prednisolone and nepafenac) were recorded from case records for analysis. Complete and any successes were defined and baseline factors predicting complete success at 6 weeks were analyzed.Results:We analyzed 69 eyes of 69 patients out of which complete success with topical medications was seen in 37 eyes (54%) and any success was seen in 55 eyes (80%) at 6 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression showed that eyes with lower vision at presentation had a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing both, complete (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83 with one-line decrement in baseline vision, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61–0.89, P = 0.003) and any success (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9, P = 0.007). Baseline OCT thickness did not influence success rates.Conclusion:Topical prednisolone and nepafenac lead to resolution in PCME in half of the eyes at 6 weeks. Baseline vision is the only factor predicting rates of success and PCME resolution with topical medications.