Perlindungan terhadap tiga jenis hiu martil (Sphyrna lewini, S. mokarran, S. zygaena) dan satu jenis hiu koboi (Carcharhinus longimanus) dilakukan dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 59/PERMEN-KP/2014 jo. PERMEN KP No. 34/PERMEN-KP/2015. Peraturan ini menekankan pada pelarangan terhadap pengeluaran hiu dan produk turunannya dari Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas implementasi regulasi tentang hiu tersebut dilakukan kajian yang dilakukan di empat tempat pendaratan hiu, yakni di Palabuhanratu (Jawa Barat), Cilacap (Jawa Tengah), di Tanjungluar (Lombok Timur) dan di Kota Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran literatur, enumerator, pengamatan langsung dan wawancara dengan nelayan dan pemangku kepentingan. Analisis dilakukan secara diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan terbitnya regulasi pelarangan perdagangan produk hiu belum dipahami sepenuhnya baik di tingkat nelayan, pedagang produk hiu maupun aparat penegak hukum. Hasil kajian merekomendasikan hal sebagai berikut: (1) Kegiatan sosialisasi pemahaman peraturan kebijakan konservasi sumber daya hiu perlu dilakukan secara intensif dan berkesinambungan; (2) Kebijakan peraturan pelarangan ekspor produk hiu (PERMEN KP No.34/PERMEN-KP/2015) perlu segera diperpanjang kembali minimal untuk satu tahun kedepan, berdasarkan pertimbangan karakteristik biologi hiu dan sistem pendataan terhadap hiu Appendiks II CITES yang belum baik; (3) Penyusunan aturan dan ketentuan lengkap perlu dilakukan oleh Ditjen Teknis mengenai pemisahan produk hiu dan mencatat volume berdasarkan jenis hiu yang ditetapkan masuk Appendiks II CITES yang akan diperdagangkan, dan; (4) Penguatan data hiu Appendiks II CITES terus dilakukan dengan pendataan yang mencakup daerah penangkapan, jumlah hiu yang tertangkap, dan distribusi penjualan hasil tangkapan hiu.Protection of three species of Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini, S. mokarran, S. zygaena) and one species of Whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) was carried out with the issuance of Ministerial Regulation No. 34/PERMEN-KP/2004 KP and the extension of Ministerial Regulation No. 59/ PERMEN-KP/2015. The regulations emphasize the prohibition on the release of sharks and derivative products from the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia. To find out the effectiveness of the regulation implementation on sharks, a study was conducted in four shark landing sites: Palabuhanratu (West Java), Cilacap (Central Java), Tanjungluar (East Lombok) and Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara). Data collection is done through literature review, enumerator, direct observation and interview with fishers and stakeholders.The analysis is done in qualitative descriptive. The results of the study indicate that the overall regulation on the ban on trading of shark products, has not been fully understood either at the level of fishermen, shark product traders or law enforcement officers. The results of the study recommend the following: (1) The socialization of understanding of the regulations on the conservation policy of shark resources needs to be carried out intensively and continuously; (2) The regulation on the ban on the export of shark products (Ministerial Regulation No.34 / PERMEN-KP / 2015) needs to be renewed at least for the next year, based on the consideration of shark biological characteristics and poor CITES Appendix II shark data collection system; (3) Preparation of complete rules and provisions needs to be published by relaed Directorate General concerning the separation of shark products and recording the volume based on the species of shark that is set in CITES Appendix II to be traded and; (4) Strengthening shark data record of CITES Appendix II consist of fishing areas, number of sharks, and sales distribution of shark catches.
Hiu botol merupakan jenis ikan hiu yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi, karena dapat menghasilkan minyak ikan dari ekstrak hati dinamakan squalen. Pada umumnya, hiu botol hidup di perairan Samudera Hindia pada kedalaman lebih dari 100 meter, namun sampai saat ini penyebarannya belum banyak diketahui. Selain itu, informasi terkait komposisi jenisnya masih sangat terbatas. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji komposisi hiu botol yang tertangkap rawai dasar dan daerah penangkapannya di perairan Samudera Hindia yang berbasis di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Data diperoleh dari survei lapangan dan wawancara dengan nelayan penangkap hiu di daerah Tenau, periode bulan Januari-Desember 2016. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa hiu botol yang menjadi target penangkapan terdiri atas tiga jenis yaitu; Centrophorus squamosus (10-13%), Centrophorus granulosus (15-20%), dan Centroscymnus coelolepis (sekitar 40%). Prosentase hiu botol yang di Samudera Hindia berkisar 0,01-0,04 % dari total tangkapan yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tenau. Sedangkan, prosentase hiu botol periode tahun 2011-2014 relatif besar dibandingkan dengan hasil tangkapan jenis hiu lainnya. Namun, pada periode 2012-2014 hasil tangkapan hiu botol cukup fluktuatif dan cenderung menurun. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa populasi sumber daya jenis hiu ini telah terjadi penurunan. Hasil tangkapan hiu botol tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Januari-Februari dan Agustus-September, yang tertangkap di wilayah perairan Selatan Pulau Rote, Timor dan Sabu. Daerah penangkapan potensial hiu botol berada pada koordinat 1240-1280 BT dan 100-110 LS pada kedalaman antara 200-800 meter. A dogfish shark has a high economic value, especially its liver oil, namely squalen. In general, a dogfish sharks live in the waters of the Indian Ocean at a depth of over 100 meters, but its distribution and composition has not been well documented. This paper aims to describe the composition of sharks caught by bottom longlines operated in the Indian Ocean landed at Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Data obtained from field surveys and interviews with shark fishermen from Tenau in January-December 2016. The results showed that the dogfish shark consisted of three species: Centrophorus granulosus, Centrophorus squamosus and Centroscymnus coelolepis. The percentage of dogfish sharks in the Indian Ocean ranged from 0.01 to 0.04% of the total catch landed at Tenau. While the percentage of dogfish shark in period 2011 - 2014 was relatively large compared to the catch of other species of sharks. However, in period 2012 - 2014 dogfih shark catches fluctuated and tended to decrease. This indicates that the population decline of this species. The highest catches of dogfish shark occurred in January-February. During August-September sharks were caught in the territorial waters of the South Island of Rote, Timor and Sabu. Potentially fishing areas of dogfish shark would be located at 124o-128o E and 10o-11o S with depths between 200-800 meters.
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