The demand for electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and reliability, fast response, and excellent selectivity has stimulated intensive research on developing highly active nanomaterials. In this work, freestanding 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like and wire-like (nanowires) nanostructures are directly grown on a flexible carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrate by a single-step hydrothermal process without using surfactants or templates. The 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructures show higher electrochemical activity than wire-like because of their high conductivity, large specific surface areas, and mesopores on their surface. The characterization of 3D/Co 3 O 4 nanostructures is performed by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spec-
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.