Genome hybridization serves as an evolutionary force for diversification, species modification, and adaption. 1 Genome hybridization contributes to novel patterns of gene expression through the interaction of two divergent genomes or transcriptional networks in plants and drosophila. 2 Genome hybridization in cichlid fish showed that phenotypic novelty was associated with increased genetic distance between species. 3 Gene expression in offspring is affected by parental origin through transgenerational epigenetic modification. Complex traits such as

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