No abstract

The study was successful in establishing cell suspensions cultures derived from the hypocotyl callus of the plant Physalis angulata L. induced in the solid MS medium supplemented with the concentration of 3.0 mg. L-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) plus 0.5 mg. L-1  Kinetin(Kin). The culture of the suspensions by different densities (12.36, 13.70, 14.75, 15.98)× 105 cell.cm3 using the plating  and   embedding methods by agar layer in the solid Murashige and Skoog  medium (MS) enriched with the same callus induction concentrations, showed that the plating method exceed the embedding method in the number of cellular colonies which reached the average of 79.4 and 15.0 colony.dish-1 at the culturing density of 15.98 × 105 cell.cm3, these values were declined with the primary density to reach the average of 14.0 and 11.4 colony.dish-1 by both the plating and the embedding methods respectively, the high density significantly exceed all the rest densities and gave rate of callus primordia of 56.6 primordia.dish-1 after 28 days from the day of culturing the suspended cells by plating method, and reached 9.8 primordia.dish-1 after 33 days from the day of culturing of the suspended cells by using the embedding method, the transfer of the callus primordia to the MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg. L-1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg. L-1 Kin, led to the growth of callus segments and their differentiation to the somatic embryos and their development through all their stages until reaching the shoot formation.

نفذت هذه التجربة لفصل مركبات الستيرويدات  (Steriods), احد نواتج الايض الثانوي لنبات كرز الارض Physalis angulata L.) ) من اوراق النبات عند مرحلة الازهار ومن الكالس المستحث من السيقان تحت الفلقية للبادرات  المعقمة ومن الوسط الغذائي للمزرعة المستمرة المغلقة بعمر 7 أو 14 أو21 يوماً والخلايا المحصودة من المزارع الكمية, اذ اظهرت بيانات الكشف عن مستويات مركبات  Physalin A و Physalin B في هذه المزارع, وجودها بدلالة قراءات كروموتوكرافيا  السائل عالي  الكفاءة  HPLC بمقارنتها مع العينات القياسية.  بلغ تركيز  Physalin A و Physalin B  في كل من الاوراق 24.36 و34.18  مايكروغرام.مل-1  على التوالي, وفي مزرعة الكالس بعمر 30 يوم بلغ تركيز 287.28 و 238.47 مايكروغرام.مل-1 على التوالي, وفي عينات الوسط الغذائي السائل للمزارع المستمرة المغلقة للمراحل العمرية  7 أو 14 أو21  يوم بلغ تركيز Physalin A 97.67 أو 137.88 أو 85.79 ميكروغرام.مل-1  على التوالي, و لـ Physalin B بلغت 103.36 أو194.19 أو40.96 مايكروغرام.مل-1   على التوالي, وبلغ اقل تركيز لـ Physalin A و Physalin B في الخلايا المحصودة من المزارع الكمية 10.11 و 15.59 مايكروغرام.مل-1  على التوالي. وهذه البيانات تشير الى حقيقة امكانية انتاج مركبات Physalin A و Physalin B في مزارع الانسجة كمصدر ثابت ودائم للحصول على نواتج االايض الثانوي وبديلا مناسبا عند النباتات الحقلية.

A significant therapeutic plant from the Malvaceae family is Abutilon hirtum (L.). It is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses. Rutin is a flavonoid molecule with commercial value that has anticancer, nutritional, and anti-ageing properties. This research project was carried out to evaluate the effect of abiotic elicitor Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) at concentrations 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 mmol.L-1 on accumulation of rutin by callus cultures  of  Abutilon hirtum L. after 30 days of growth on  Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium to which 2000 µg.L-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) + 500 µg.L-1 Kinetin (Kin) were added. The results showed that the best callus stems cultivated on MS growth medium fortified with 2000 µg.L-1 2,4-D + 500 µg.L-1 Kin, recorded the highest fresh weight of 2.887 g after four weeks. This induced callus was characterized by its friable texture. The data of rutin detection in cultures of callus obtained from stems explant of A. hirtum L., using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) indicated the presence of rutin in these cultures by comparison with the rutin standard samples containing a precisely known concentration of a substance for use in quantitative analysis.. Treatment with 0.03 mmol.L-1 of Methyl Jasmonate gave the best rutin amount of 5.606 mg.g-1 was much higher than the control treatment of 1.569 mg.g-1. These data clearly indicated that callus cultures are a potential continuous and constant source of rutin, as a secondary metabolite, and as an alternative to field plants.

Abstract. Nadir DS. 2022. Effect of Aspergillus niger extract on production of coumarins in cell suspension cultures of Angelica archangelica. Biodiversitas 23: 5132-5138. Aspergillus niger is one of the most significant microbes employed in biotechnology and has been used for many years to make citric acid and extracellular enzymes. It is also utilized for waste treatment and biotransformation. In the last 20 years, A. niger has become a crucial transformational host to overexpress food enzymes. Different concentrations of A. niger extract were used to investigate their effects on the production of coumarin, both in the liquid medium and the cells, of batch cultures of Angelica archangelica L. Liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with 2.0 mg.L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 0.5 mg.L-1 Kinetin (Kin), was used as growth medium for batch cultures of A. archangelica incubated for different incubation periods (7, 14 and 21 days). The results showed that 3.053 mg.g-1 was the highest coumarin concentration, obtained from the nutritional medium drawn from cultures treated with 2.0 mL.L-1 of A. niger after 21 days of incubation. However, 2.055 mg.g-1 was the maximum coumarin concentration reached in the harvested cells after 21 days of incubation when the cultures were treated with 2.0 mL.L-1 of A. niger extract. This study was aimed at performing extraction, identification, and estimation of coumarins from cell suspension cultures of A. archangelica and also investigating the effects of A. niger extract, at different concentrations, for various incubation periods on the production of coumarins. The concluded that A. niger extract affected coumarin accumulation, both in the medium and cells, from the cultures of A. archangelica. A dose of 2.0 mL.L-1 of A. niger extract as a biotic elicitor was found to have the best elicitor concentration, and that 21 days of incubation was the optimum period for the elicitor concentration to produce the highest coumarin content in batch cultures. Therefore, these results may contribute to increasing coumarin production by using different fungal extracts as biotic elicitors in cell suspension cultures.