Four new bioactive polybrominated diphenyl ethers of the sponge Dysidea herbacea from West Sumatra, Indonesia Handayani, D.; Edrada, R.A.; Proksch, P.; Wray, V.; Witte, L.; van Soest, R.W.M.

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The Indonesian soft coral Nephthea chabrolii afforded two new oxygenated sesquiterpenes:  hydroxycolorenone (1) and methoxycolorenone (2), as well as the known liverwort metabolite (+)-cyclocolorenone (3). This is the first report of the occurrence of such terrestrial liverwort metabolites in marine soft corals. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data (1H, 13C, COSY, 1H-detected direct and long-range 13C−H correlations). Compound 1 exhibited insecticidal activity towards neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect Spodoptera littoralis, with an EC50 of 8.8 ppm and a LC50 of 453 ppm, when incorporated in artificial diet and offered to larvae in a chronic feeding bioassay.

Good transparency, antimicrobial, physical, and tensile properties of the biodegradable film can be necessary for food packaging. The aim of this study is to characterize these properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/ginger nanofiber (GF) bionanocomposite film. This nanofiber of 0.21, 0.31 and 0.41 g in suspensions, was mixed with PVA gel using ultrasonication. After addition of ginger nanofibers, the bionanocomposite film shows antibacterial activity but does not have antifungi activity. Increasing the nanofiber into PVA increases significantly in tensile properties, water vapour impermeability, and moisture resistance. Tensile strength, the temperature at maximum film decomposition, and moisture resistance (after 8 h) of the 0.41 g ginger nanofiber reinforced film were 44.2 MPa (increased by 65.6%), 349.4 °C (increased by 7%), and 6.1% (decreased by 18.7%), respectively compared to pure PVA. With this nanofiber loading, the transparency of the bionanocomposite film decreased slightly. These results suggest this bionanocomposite film has potential in food packaging in industrial applications.