Background: A successful antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is sustained through improving antimicrobial prescribing by changing prescribing behavior. This requires a better understanding of hospital stakeholders’ views regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antimicrobial use and participation in ASP activities. Objectives: Identify perceptions and attitudes among physicians and pharmacists in a public hospital toward AMR, prescription and ASP. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 45 items was distributed to physicians and pharmacists in a 320-bed public hospital. All responses were formatted into the Likert scale. Results: A total of 78 respondents (73% response rate) completed the questionnaire. The majority of the respondents perceived AMR within hospital as less of a severe problem, and factors outside hospital were considered to be greater contributors to AMR. In addition, interprofessional conflict was identified as a serious concern in relation to implementing ASP. Conclusion: This finding indicates the need to address existing perceptions and attitudes toward ASP activities that may hamper its successful implementation in Indonesia.

The research objective is to obtain empirical evidence of the negative influence of investor sentiment on the Jakarta Islamic Index stock return at the beginning of Covid-19. The research contributes to the Islamic finance literature and its supports agency theory, behaviour finance and signaling theory. The research sample used 30 companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index for the first semester of 2020. The final sample is 180 observational data. Fourth classical assumption uses, and result show passed all the classical assumption. This study uses control variables such as firm size and firm age. Multiple linear regression as an analysis processed with SPSS version 23. Research findings show a significant negative effect of investor sentiment on Jakarta Islamic Index stock returns at the beginning of Covid-19. This study implicates to management, shareholders and investor. Keywords: Investor Sentiment; Stock Return; COVID-19.

Studi mengenai citra suatu kawasan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui identitas kawasan. Kecamatan Klojen merupakan kawasan yang memiliki peninggalan bangunan dan lingkungan bersejarah pada jaman Kolonial Belanda, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan studi mengenai citra kawasan bersejarah di Kecamatan Klojen. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah menganalisis elemen-elemen pembentuk citra kawasan bersejarah di Kecamatan Klojen berdasarkan persepsi penduduk Kota Malang. Persepsi penduduk Kota Malang dibagi menjadi tiga golongan, yaitu golongan masyarakat, mahasiswa, dan ahli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis elemen-elemen pembentuk citra kawasan, dengan menggunakan peta mental dan wawancara. Hasil studi adalah (1) elemen pembentuk citra bersejarah di pusat kota yaitu elemen path (Jl Kayutangan-Jl Pasar Besar), elemen node (Perempatan Kayutangan dan Kawasan Alun-Alun Merdeka), dan elemen landmark (Alun-Alun Tugu dan Masjid Jami'); (2) Kecamatan Klojen sudah dapat disebut dengan place karena identitas dari masing-masing elemen telah dikenal oleh lebih dari 50% penduduk Kota Malang.

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