One of the limiting factors in increasing soybean production is the high infestation of pests and diseases. Coconut shell liquid smoke has potential as a botanical insecticide on soybeans. This study was conducted to determine potential use of coconut shell liquid smoke on growth and yield of soybean compared to biological insecticide (entomopathogenic fungi) and chemical insecticide on acidic dry land in South Lampung, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The treatments were arranged with three insecticide treatments and two fertilization method (organic and inorganic fertilization), and control without insecticides and fertilizers. The intensity of pest attacks (I) was calculated using Townsend–Heuberger formula. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment of three insecticide applications and two fertilization methods on the agronomic performance and yield of soybeans. Different results were shown in the control without fertilization with lower yield. Pest infestation in coconut shell liquid smoke treatment was smaller than other treatments. Coconut shell liquid smoke has the potential to be developed as a botanical insecticide, with the same results compared to chemical insecticide treatments.

Lampung Province has a great potency for increasing national soybean production, although most of the area is occupied by the acid dry land soils. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of three different packages of soybean cultivation technology on soybean growth and yield, the cropping index, and the farmers’ income on an acid dry land soil of East Lampung. The experiments tested three packages of soybean cultivation technology, namely Local Farmer Technology, Site Specific Technology, and Recommended Technology. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 10 replications. The results showed that soybean yield of the Site Specific Technology was 1.33 t ha−1, which was significantly higher than that of the Local Farmer Technology, with a yield of 0.78 t ha−1. Meanwhile, the yield of the Recommended Technology was 1.26 t ha−1, which was not significantly different from the yield of the Site Specific Technology. There was increases in soybean yield and income by 66 and 30% with the application of the Site Specific Technology compared with the application of the Local Farmer Technology. Therefore, the Site Specific Technology might be recommended for increasing soybean production, especially in Lampung.

Abstract. Barus J, Meithasari D, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Hidayat KF, Dermiyati. 2021. Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ. Biodiversitas 21: 92-98. Newly added organic matter to the soil often has no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, the addition of organic matter greatly affects the abundance and diversity of living organisms in the soil, because the addition of organic matter is one of the sources of food. The aim of this research was to study the impact of returning crop biomass waste in fresh or compost forms on the abundance and diversity of soil mesofauna. Three types of crop biomass residues (i.e. maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover) were used at doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t ha-1. Mesofauna observations were carried out three times, namely at two weeks after biomass waste application (before planting rice), at eight weeks (there were rice plants in the soil), and at fourteen weeks (after rice harvest). The soil sample for mesofauna observation was dry extracted using a Berlese funnel set up, and to calculate and identified using a binocular microscope. The result showed that the number and diversity of mesofauna in the addition of compost was higher than that of fresh biomass waste. Increasing the dose of biomass waste has an effect on increasing the number and diversity of soil mesofauna. The presence of rice plants in the soil at the time of observation also affected the abundance of soil mesofauna.

One obstacle in soybean cultivation is the presence of pests and diseases. The concept of IPM is a concept of pest control that arises and develops due to human awareness of the dangers of pesticide use that continues to increase both for the environment and public health. This study aimed to determine the intensity of attack by major plant diseases and the number of natural enemies in soybean plants on acid dry land and the population of natural enemies in Lampung This research was conducted in Margototo Village, Metro Kibang District, East Lampung Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) and 10 replications, the treatment plot size was 500 m2 by 30 plots. in each treatment 10 random sample plants were determined with 3 technology packages, which are technology for farmers (A), specific location technology (B), recommendations technology (C). Data analysis used Minitab. The results showed that at plant age 35 Days After Planting (DAP) for armyworm attacks ranged between 17.6 - 18.4%, however there was no significant difference between treatments. The attack of leaf folding ranged between 0.8-7.6% and the highest in treatment A was significantly different from treatment B and C. In general, the highest intensity of pest and disease attacks (gray, leaf folding and leaf rust) was in treatment A and significantly different from treatment B and C. While the existence of the highest natural spider enemies in treatment B and C, compared to treatment A. However, the existence of natural enemies, Menochilus sp., was not significantly different between treatments.

Superior varieties are one of the components that play an important role in increasing agricultural products. One of the efforts to increase the production of coffee plants, among others, is introducing several local coffee clones that can be used as options in the development of coffee cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of local coffee growing in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung compared to national superior varieties. The research was carried out at the farmer's coffee plantation, Way Harong Village, Air Naningan District, Tanggamus-Lampung -Indonesia, from January 2018 to October 2019. The method used was a demonstration plot with a randomized block design with four replications. The six local coffee clones evaluated were: Kuning, Kasio, Hijau, Komari, Randu Alas, and Sailing coffee compared to the national superior variety coffee, SA 237. The evaluation of local coffee yield was aimed at the character of the number of production branches per plant, number of coffee cherries per productive branch, number of coffee cherries per coffee bunch, weight per dry bean, and yield of dry beans per plant. Evaluation in the second year (2019) was done after the plants received technological improvements with fertilization. The results which were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the mean BNT test at the 5% level showed that among the six local coffee clones studied had very significantly different characteristics. The local clone Komari had the highest yield close to the national superior coffee yield, SA 237, while Sailing had the lowest yield.