No abstract

scientific and technological bases of receiving vitreous coverings on wood with use of a torch of low-temperature plasma are developed. Before plasma dusting of glass powders by grain structure 60-120mkm, the special protective coating protecting chipboard from destruction at high-temperature influence of a plasma stream on a front surface of the wood particle board (WPB) was applied. The structure of an intermediate protective coating including mix of a fine-grained glass powder and liquid glass is developed. Preliminary drawing an intermediate protective layer provides several consecutive technological operations. For receiving vitreous coverings fight of colored and colourless glass are used which was previously ground in spherical porcelain mills. Optimum process parameters of plasma dusting of glass powder on the front surface of chipboard are developed. Optimum parameters of plasma melting is: current - 800A; operating voltage – 30B, a consumption of plasma-forming gas of argon 2m3/h. Operational and aesthetic-consumer properties of vitreous protective and decorative coverings are investigated. It is established that vitreous protective and decorative coverings have the high durability of coupling with an intermediate protective layer. The received vitreous protective and decorative coverings on the basis of colored and colourless glass have the high water resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, as well as microhardness and high aesthetic performance. The technology is recommended for widespread industrial introduction.

-The most important task at the present stage of the formation of modern society is the intensive development of the national economy on the basis of the latest achievements of science and technology. The building materials industry in the Russian Federation is one of the most energy-intensive industries. In this regard, reducing energy costs and environmental pressure on nature through the introduction of alternative energy sources in production is relevant for the state. Previously, it was proved that plasma-chemical modification contributes to the increase of water resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, microhardness of the fused (glazed) face layer, and also allows one to expand the possibilities of obtaining various types of decor. However, plasma-chemical modification leads to significant thermal shock, dehydration of hydrosilicates in cement stone and its softening, which reduces the operational parameters of the protective and decorative coating on concrete products, in particular, adhesion strength and frost resistance. Using a plasma jet will significantly intensify the formation of vitreous protective and decorative coating with increased technical and operational performance, and the use of various industrial waste and color salts will provide an opportunity to significantly expand the base for obtaining a variety of types of decor on the face of the concrete. In connection with the foregoing, the development of an effective technology for the production of protective decorative coatings on concrete products is a relevant area of research. The purpose of the work is the development of protective and decorative coatings on products made of concrete using recycled materials and coloring metal salts. The macro and microstructure of the protective and decorative coating and the surface layer treated with a plasma jet, the microhardness of the fused layer of fine-grained concrete after plasma-chemical modification are given in the article. The regularities of the formation of the structure of protective and decorative coatings on concrete with the use of coloring salts are substantiated.

-Multifunctional studies have already proved the efficacy of nanotechnological solutions to be applied in the civil engineering. This is largely due to the tendency in the product quality increase in terms of the basic exploitation characteristics, as well as, the formation of end-products unique properties. The goal of this study is to examine the modification process occurring in portland cement impacted by a nanostructured binder of silicate composition and to identify the optimal amount of a modifying supplement aimed at improving the physico-mechanical properties of the binder and its further application as the main component in cellular-cement composites production. The paper introduces the results of the experimental studies:rheotechnological, physico-mechanical properties of modified binder compositions, kinetics of durability set, and sample drying. The change of rheotechnological and physico-mechanical properties of the system, when the composition is modified, was justified. However, taking into account the necessary characteristics, the modified binder can be used to gain multi-purposed construction composites such as dense (fine-grained concrete for piece wall products) and cellular (different brands of foam concrete). Due to the collected data, the optimal composition with high durability indexes was chosen.

scientific and technological principles of alternative plasma technology for the production of two-layer heat-resistant glass-like decorative coating were developed. The compositions of the intermediate heat-resistant layer and the technology of its application to the surface of the enclosing block of foam glass are proposed. The optimal parameters of plasma melting of heat-resistant and decorative coating layers were determined. The influence of high-speed characteristics of plasma jet thermal melting on the formation of texture and performance of two-layer heat-resistant coating is established. The features of the formation of amorphous vitreous and glass-crystalline phases of a two-layer heat-resistant coating are presented. Using x-ray phase analysis, the features of the phase composition of different layers of heat-resistant coating, as well as the laws of formation of its structural elements are studied. Based on the analysis of significant experimental material, it was concluded that the formation of the upper amorphous layer with liquating regions and minor gas inclusions. The conducted researches allowed to reveal and justify the features of the structure of the layers lying under the amorphous liquating. It was found that the two-layer protective and decorative coating had high physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties: adhesion strength to the matrix of the foam glass block-1.25 ± 0.05 MPa, microhardness-785 HV, heat resistance-122°C, acid resistance – 98.5%, alkali resistance – 95.4%.