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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el estado de la calidad del sueño y de la somnolencia diurna excesiva en universitarios de diferentes carreras de pregrado en una universidad pública de Manizales durante el primer semestre de 2016. Metodología: Investigación descriptiva correlacional de carácter transversal en la que se trabajó con una muestra de 547 estudiantes que de manera voluntaria participaron de la investigación. Los instrumentos que se emplearon fueron la escala de somnolencia de Epworth y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh. Para comparar los diferentes promedios de los puntajes totales entre estudiantes, hombres y mujeres, se utilizó la prueba t de Student para medias independientes (o la U de Mann-Whitney, en caso de no existir normalidad en los datos). La dependencia entre variables cualitativas se determinó mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se trabajó con 258 mujeres (47,2 %) y con 289 hombres (52,8 %) cuyas edades medias y desviaciones estándar fueron de 22,9 años y 3,8 años para los hombres y de 20,9 años y 2,7 años para el caso de las mujeres. Se encontró que, en general, los estudiantes tienden a tener una calidad de sueño que merece atención y tratamiento médico (77,1 %). Asimismo, que el 70,3 % presenta somnolencia leve o moderada. Conclusiones: La pobre calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna se presentan en diferentes áreas de dominio y disciplinas, y no solo en los pregrados en salud. Se requiere una mayor educación en relación con la higiene del sueño. Palabras clave Sueño, trastornos de excesiva somnolencia, higiene del sueño, privación del sueño, estilo de vida (fuente: DeCS, BIREME).

The use of oats in the human diet has decreased over the past 70 years. This is an unfortunate development from the perspective of human health because oats have a high nutritional value and contain many compounds, including β-glucan, polyphenols, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids that are able to maintain or may even improve consumer’s health. In addition, oats fit into a gluten-free diet of celiac disease patients because they lack the T-cell stimulating epitopes from wheat, rye, and barley. We focused on the presence of health-related compounds in oats and how their levels vary among varieties in response to the type of soil. Ten oat varieties were grown in the Netherlands in sandy and clay soil and were analyzed for the presence and concentration of healthy compounds (β-glucan, fatty acids, vitamin E, and antioxidant activity), avenin composition, total protein and starch content, and agronomical characteristics. Principal component analysis showed that genetic background influenced the levels of all analyzed components. Protein, starch, β-glucan, and antioxidants were also affected by the type of soil. The obtained results showed that this kind of analysis can be used to profile oat varieties in general and enables the selection of specific varieties with specific compound characteristics.

Executive dysfunction is associated with the inability to control aberrant behaviors, such as chronic overeating (Moore, Sabino, Koob, & Cottone, 2017). Obese individuals often report great difficulties controlling eating behaviors, despite a desire to successfully lose weight (Dohle, Diel, & Hofmann, 2018). However, current literature lacks a systematic review about the relationship between executive dysfunction and Obesity. The aim of this study is to present the most important findings about this matter. First, a bibliometric analysis shows the evolution of the topic. Then, the Tree of Science tool is used to show a chronological review that provides a general description of the roots and current perspectives of the state of literature. Finally, clustering analysis of the co-citation network was employed to identify the different perspectives of the topic. The main findings suggest four approaches: (1) effects of body mass index on executive functioning, (2) executive functioning in children with overweight and obesity, (3) physical activity for adult obesity and (4) structural and functional brain changes in obesity. Preliminary data state that in obesity, poor food choices may be associated with frontal cognitive impairments that contribute to reduced orbito-frontal cortex volume.

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