Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Yahya S, Wirnas D. 2010. Induced mutations by gamma-ray irradiation to Argomulyo soybean (Glycine max) variety. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 121-125. Induced mutation by gamma-ray irradiation is one way to increase genetic variability of plants. This research used gamma-ray irradiation on low doses (micro mutation). The aim of this research was to know the response of doses level by micro mutation on gamma-ray irridation to the growing and development of Argomulyo variety of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr]. The seeds were irradiated by gamma-ray micro mutation doses, namely 0 gray, 50 gray, 100 gray, 150 gray, and 200 gray. Variations that were obtained of each character at generation M1 and M2 influences plants growth and development either through qualitative and quantitative that finally will influence plant’s production. The average highest genetic variation at M2 generation of soybean was on 200 Gray doses. Results of the research indicated that gamma-ray irradiation on 200 Gray doses effectively caused by plant variation genetic.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare whether there are differences in the value content of secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, and flavonoids) between the group treated with Binahong leaves (administration of colchicines) and the group treated with Binahong leaves without the application of colchicines. Materials and methods:The design of this study is an experimental research laboratory study. This research was done in four different places in which colchicines were applied to improve the quality of Binahong, conducted in the USU Agricultural Faculty's Greenhouse, whereas no application of colchicines was done in the Desa Simpang Pergendangan Kelurahan Tiga Binanga Kabupaten Karo harvesting Binahong plant. The pharmacy faculty of USU was chosen as a place to obtain the extract and the Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants (Balitro) was where the phytochemical analysis was conducted. Results:The results showed that there were differences in the descriptive values of secondary metabolites in the Binahong leaf extract, such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, wherein the group with colchicines was higher than groups without colchicines, but there was no statistical differences between the groups treated with colchicines and those not treated with colchicines (value p > 0.05). ORIGINAL RESEARCH 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1453Conclusion: Administration of colchicines can improve the content of secondary metabolites in Binahong leaf extract and the plant morphology without affecting the content of the plant extract.Clinical significance: Secondary metabolites in herbal plants, such as saponins, flavonoids, and tannins are able to speed up the healing process. One of the plants that have all three of these active compounds is Binahong (Anredera cordifolia). Binahong leaf extract can stimulate the process of fibroblasts and collagen formation that will accelerate the process of wound healing. Colchicine as a reagent for the mutation is able to affect the number of leaves and morphological characteristics of the Binahong plant.

Background: One of the common frequently performed procedures in dentistry is tooth extraction. After tooth extraction, a series of biological events occurs in the alveolar socket that ultimately results in healing of the socket. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) is an herbaceous plant that contains active compounds that may accelerate the wound healing process. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 3% binahong leaf extract gel on the healing process of the postextraction wound. Methods: 3% binahong leaf extract gel was prepared with the composition of 1 g carbopol, 1 g hydroxypropilmethylcellulose (HPMC), 4 g glycerin, 3 g triethanolamine (TEA), 0.04 g Nipagin, 0.04 g Nipasol, 1.2 g binahong leaf extract and Aq ad 40 g. A total of 18 people were subjected to tooth extraction and were then divided into two groups, with nine people in the binahong group and nine in the control group. Following that, residual socket volume (RSV) was examined on days 3, 7 and 14 after the extraction in both the binahong and control groups. The RSV value was obtained by calculating the mesiodistal x bucolingual width x the depth probing and measured using a calliper and probe. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman test followed by Wilcoxon and dependent t-test (p<0.05) were used to analyse data. Results: Significant difference in the mean RSV between the control and binahong groups was observed on days 3, 7 and 14 post tooth extraction. The RSV value in the binahong group was lower when compared to the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: 3% binahong leaf extract gel can accelerate the process of healing socket wounds.

Background: Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) STEENIS) is a widely available herbal plant in Indonesia and has been intensely researched for its healing abilities due to its biological activities, but few have studied its capability in accelerating hard tissue healing in post-extraction tooth sockets. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of 3% binahong leaf extract gel on alveolar bone healing in post-extraction sockets in Wistar rats. Methods: In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to twelve groups. After the extraction of the left mandibular incisor, sockets in Group I to IV were given 3% binahong leaf extract gel, group V to VIII were given a control gel, and group IX to XII were given Gengigel® for 14 days. The residual socket volume (RSV) and fibroblast proliferation were observed on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day post-extraction, while the osteoblast and osteocyte proliferation were observed on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day post-extraction. The RSV data were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, while the histopathological data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the binahong group had the lowest RSV and the highest fibroblast proliferation compared to the other groups on the 7th day (p<0.05) and the highest osteoblast and osteocyte proliferation compared to the other groups on the 14th day (p<0.05). Conclusion: The experiment showed that 3% binahong leaf extract gel could accelerate wound closure, which was characterized by a greater decrease in the RSV value in comparison to the other treatment groups and could enhance alveolar bone healing by increasing the proliferation of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.

Abstract. Tampubolon K, Purba E, Basyuni M, Hanafiah DS. 2019. Glyphosate resistance of Eleusine indica populations from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1910-1916.  Controlling of Eleusine indica populations in oil palm plantations using a similar mode of action of herbicide may cause resistant weed. Overall E. indica populations from oil palm plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia have never been reported to be glyphosate-resistant. This research was aimed to determine the survival percentage and to classify the resistance of E. indica to glyphosate from oil palm plantations in 11 districts in North Sumatra Province. The research was conducted in the Weed Research Center Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from October 2016 to August 2017. This research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with the glyphosate-treatment using a recommended dose of two l ha-1 and three replications. The ESU0 population was collected in the soccer field of Politeknik Negeri Medan (Medan city) was used as a check, and has never been exposed to the herbicide. Parameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and the means were compared using DMRT at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that 276 (65.56%) of 421 populations were classified as glyphosate-resistant, 88 populations (20.90%) were classified as glyphosate-resistant developing, and 57 populations (13.54%) were classified as glyphosate-susceptible. The highest range of dry weight of glyphosate-resistant E. indica populations were found in 5 districts including South Labuhanbatu District followed by the Serdang Bedagai, Simalungun, Asahan, and North Labuhanbatu Districts. The observed resistance level and dry weight range in the present study indicated the failure in controlling E. indica due to continued use of glyphosate and the potency of E. indica distribution into other oil palm estates due to its high biomass production capability.